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81.
This note analyses the effect of the policy of tightening Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) on the rate of innovation in
the North and on the welfare in both North and South in a model which is otherwise identical to Helpman (1993) except in the
concept of knowledge capital. We assume that the South based imitated products do not contribute to the knowledge capital
in the North. It is shown that the tightening of IPR raises the rate of innovation in the North and may improve the welfare
of both North and South. These results are significantly different from those in Helpman (1993). 相似文献
82.
Property rights protection and access to bank loans 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Poor protection of private property has limited the access to bank loans by private enterprises in developing and transition economies. Under those circumstances, private entrepreneurs have resorted to various ways of enhancing the de facto protection of private property. Using a dataset of 3,073 private enterprises in China, this paper empirically investigates the impact of political participation and philanthropic activities – informal substitutes for the lack of formal protection of private property – on the access to bank loans. 相似文献
83.
控股股东、实际控制权与小股东权益保护 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
股权集中型公司是现代公司的主流组织形态之一,其代理成本主要产生于控股股东与小股东之间存在的利益冲突.通过发行多种类股票、交叉持股和金字塔式控股等方式,控股股东能够获取比与其股权份额相对应的名义控制权更大的实际控制权,因而更容易发生以侵害小股东权益作代价追求控制权私下收益的道德风险行为,致使代理成本高昂.声誉机制和法律手段能够迫使控股股东收敛侵占行为,且法律手段较声誉机制更为有效.在中国,声誉机制对控股股东基本不起作用,保护小股东权益的最为有效的措施是完善相关立法并加大执法力度. 相似文献
84.
本文简要介绍了战略环境评价中公众参与的含义,着重分析了我国公众参与战略环境评价的重要意义和作用,并立足我国国情对实施有效的公众参与所必需的制度框架和技术方法进行了深入探讨。 相似文献
85.
Knut?VeistenEmail author Hans?Fredrik?Hoen Jon?Strand 《Environmental and Resource Economics》2004,29(4):419-433
This paper presents tests of the theoretical validity of the contingent valuation (CV) method. The validity of CV is especially a concern when involving environmental goods with a predominant non-use value. One test of theoretical validity is the adding-up property that implies that a specific good should be equally valued irrespectively of it is being valued directly or built-up sequentially. In this CV study four independent sub-samples stated willingness to pay for the same composite good, or package, using different sequences. One sub-sample valued the composite good directly, while two sub-samples faced built-up sequences valuing first subsets of this composite good. A fourth sub-sample valued the composite good from a dividing-out approach, facing first the valuation of a larger multi-package. Theoretically expected sequencing effects were observed; the subset goods obtained higher values earlier in a sequence, and the dividing-out approach decreased the stated value for the composite good. Most importantly, these CV data did pass the tests of the adding-up property. 相似文献
86.
Summary. For Bertrand duopoly with linear costs, we establish via a single (counter-)example that: (i) A new monotone transformation
of the firms' profit functions may lead to the supermodularity of transformed profits when the standard log and identity transformations
both fail to do so, and (ii) Topkis's notion of critical sufficient condition for monotonicity of a Bertrand firm's best-reply
correspondence cannot be extended to rely only on positive unit costs.
Received: January 16, 2001; revised version: March 20, 2002
RID="*"
ID="*" This work was completed while the first author was visiting the Institute for Industrial Economics at the University
of Copenhagen during Spring 2000. Their financial support and stimulating research environment are gratefully acknowledged.
The views expressed here are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the European Commission.
Correspondence to: R. Amir 相似文献
87.
国际经济法是国际公法的一个重要组成部分,它经过了三个阶段的形成与发展。特别是自上世纪70年代以来,国际知识产权组织成立,国际知识产权的法律地位日益突出,知识产权的法律保护也就成为各国关注的焦点。如何推动更公平、平等的国际经济新秩序和知识产权法律的完善与发展,是值得研究的新课题。 相似文献
88.
This paper is an exercise in the history of thought, which compares Austrian and neoclassical theories of the emergence of
private property rights, and examines, in part, the extent to which Austrians can be said to offer a commonly-agreed upon
explanation that parallels Carl Menger's exemplary story of the emergence of money. We address the sources of disagreement
(and apparent conflict) among emergence theorists in both schools. We try to show that some of the disagreement hinges on
an unclear meaning of the term “emergence,” which is resolvable, while other sources of disagreement are fundamental at the
methodological level.
JEL Code B25, E40, E53 相似文献
89.
The largest market in national economies is the labor market. Labor market contracting is characterized by job search, often from unknown wage offer distributions. This paper reports experimental tests of finite horizon models of job search in which the wage offer distribution is unknown. Theoretically-optimal search from an unknown wage offer distribution can have the seemingly paradoxical property that some offers will be accepted that are lower than other offers that will be rejected in the same period of the search horizon. Thus the reservation wage property (or lowest acceptable wage path) may not exist. This can occur because an offer that is a priori relatively high (good news) can imply that it is highly probable that search is from a favorable distribution, and such an offer can look unattractive when it is an a posteriori relatively low offer from a favorable distribution (bad news). This paper reports results from experimental treatments for search from unknown distributions in which the reservation wage property does exist and treatments in which it does not exist. We find that the consistency of search behavior with search theory reported in earlier papers is robust to the presence or absence of the reservation wage property and to whether the draws come from known or unknown distributions. 相似文献
90.
Conflict, defined as clash, competition, or mutual interference of opposing or incompatible forces or qualities, may be positive. The appropriate amount of conflict may be a delicate balance not easily achieved. Thus, a key issue is conflict management. The major charter of this special issue is the presentation of work which suggests or demonstrates that conflict can be a positive force in the modern organization. It also is pointed out that conflict, positive or otherwise, and its resolution involves a broad spectrum of inquiry into the rights and obligations of those involved in the conflict 相似文献