制造业存货管理研究

在市场竞争越来越激烈的情况下,企业靠提高产品售价获取润已不现实,在产品售价不变甚至降低的情况下,降低成本就显得尤为重要。存货在降低成本中占了举足轻重的位置。本文阐述了存货管理的内涵和一般方法,并针对目前制造业存货管理中存在的问题提出了对策与建议。     

产业集群的驱动因素分析及政策建议

产业集群是一种世界性的经济现象。中国产业集群发展还在起步阶段,对产业集群驱动因素的分析,有助于发展、提升产业集群的竞争优势,加快区域经济的发展。     

以物流业为核心的近代早期产业结构演进与启示

目前的所谓“物流”不是经济学上的概念，而是管理学上“物流业”的概念。中国近代经济结构是以近代物流业为核心建立起来的。随着物流业的发展，中国近代重要工业结构初现端倪，并且初步显现出对经济发展的重要推动作用。当前，世界范围的现代物流业“革命”正在兴起，从近代物流业产生与发展中得到的一些规律性的总结，对我国现代物流业的发展，赶上国外物流业发展步伐，将大有裨益。     

对我国电信产业规制与制度供给的几点思考

由于电信产业具有自然垄断性，政府应对电信产业实行规制，以促进资源的合理配置，提高消费者的福利水平。我国电信产业规制的历程告诉我们，政府作为实施电信产业规制的主体，应该以追求全社会福利的最大化为目标来提供有效的制度供给，只有这样才能更好地促进电信产业经济效益和服务质量的不断提高。     

基于PSR模型的区域高技术产业创新要素供给评价

区域高技术产业高质量发展需要创新要素有效供给。基于PSR（压力—状态—响应)模型构建高技术产业创新要素供给评价指标体系，采用全局熵法对我国创新要素有效供给现状进行评价，并度量创新要素供给协调度，从创新要素供给综合指数和子系统协调度两个方面评价创新要素有效供给水平。在此基础上将我国区域创新要素供给分为5个梯度，并运用障碍因素诊断模型，分析影响各梯度省域高技术产业创新要素有效供给实现的主要障碍因素。研究发现，影响有效供给的主要障碍层从2009年的压力层与状态层转变为2018年的响应层与状态层，高技术产业发展水平等成为主要障碍因素。各省域应依据自身要素供给主要障碍层和障碍因子，结合自身创新要素供给所处梯度，采取针对性措施，通过强链、补链、固链相结合，实现区域高技术产业创新要素有效供给。     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

CEO任期、CEO权力集中度与中国制造企业自主创新能力——基于中国制造业上市公司2006—2017年的经验证据

本文以中国制造业上市公司2006—2017年数据为研究对象,以CEO权力集中度为调节变量探讨了CEO任期与中国制造企业自主创新能力之间的关系,研究发现:①长期意义上CEO任期越长,越有利于自主创新能力提升;②CEO权力集中度越高,越有利于自主创新能力提升;③CEO权力集中度与CEO任期有"伴随效应",能够扩张CEO任期对自主创新能力的正向效应,正所谓"用人不疑,疑人不用";④在当前,国有制造企业更应注重CEO任期对自主创新能力的积极作用,应考虑增加国企CEO任期;而民营制造企业要注重公司治理结构中CEO权力集中度。结论具有稳健性。     

从上海国际化工城看绿色集群的创新模式

我国在发展化工产业时应当站在“绿色化工”的基础上集群式发展．避免走先污染、再治理的老路。本文以上海市国际化工城集群式发展绿色化工产业为例，在重点分析国外化工产业集群发展和金山绿色化工产业集群特点的基础上．进一步提炼了“绿色集群”的内涵及其创新意义。     

积极开发海洋资源 建设海洋经济强国

海洋是全球生命支持系统的重要组成部分，是人类社会可持续发展的宝贵财富，也是实现国家政治、经济和军事战略的重要舞台。我国是世界上人口最多的沿海国家，也是海洋大国之一，中华民族的可持续发展与兴盛必然越来越多地依赖海洋。开发海洋资源、发展海洋经济、建设海洋经济强国是一项具有战略意义的历史任务。我国具有开发利用海洋的优越条件和战略性需要，应该把海洋开发作为跨世纪治国兴邦的国家发展战略。我国具有方便地进入海洋的区位优势和环境条件，应该成为亲海民族，陆地人均自然资源占有量少，客观上需要把海洋作为后备资源基地，世界历史经验证明，疏远海洋的民族必然落后。积极开发海洋资源，制定蓝色工程计划，发展海洋产业群；开发蓝色国主，建设海洋经济带，用20～30年时间把我国建成海洋经济强国。本文纵横论证了建设海洋经济强国的标准、条件、指导方针和目标、主要任务以及保障措施等，提出了加强海洋意识教育、实施科教兴海战略、建立海洋综合管理体制、实行“依法治海”、建立海洋综合管理的财政保证机制、加强海洋公用基础设施建设、提高公益性服务能力和加强国际合诈等多项具体建议措施，多元化推动我国的海洋经济强国建设。     

Foreign-currency transactions and the recovery of German industry in the aftermath of the First World War: the case of Schering AG

While historians have for a long time recognized the importance of the First World War to the general flow of history, business economists do not fully appreciate the impact of the war on commercial relationships. The First World War transformed the political, economic, and social context, in which business was done, forcing companies to develop new strategies and activities, some of which were almost unimaginable before August 1914. This article focuses on one aspect of doing business: foreign exchange management. It argues that Schering AG and its parent, like many German companies after the First World War, were obliged to refocus their activities around their foreign exchange exposures and that the management of foreign exchange issues contributed to a much tighter relationship between businesses, government, and business associations than had existed before the war and for which some aspects of Germany's system of corporate control were not well adapted to handle.