当前高校大学生非正式群体的形成与管理策略探析

随着社会经济的快速发展,大学生非正式群体在高校已普遍存在,在其学习生活中起着日益重要的作用。高校教育工作者,要密切关注大学生非正式群体,认真分析当前大学生非正式群体的形成原因及特征,从而对大学生非正式群体的管理提出行之有效的策略,以充分发挥其积极作用,促进学生素质全面发展及和谐文明大学校园建设。     

X效率理论的内在局限与发展困境

X效率理论是20世纪下半叶在对新古典经济学效率问题的质疑中提出的一种解释效率的理论。受理论抽象和研究方法的局限,该理论不仅未能像其创始人期待的那样对新古典理论进行全面的替代,而且未能纳入主流经济学的视野。在对同一问题的解释上,新制度经济学从对新古典经济学假设条件的现实解释中成功地得到发展,并很快成为主流经济学的主要内容。从事后的角度对X效率理论和新制度经济学进行比较分析,对于中国在转轨过程中经济理论的发展具有一定的启迪作用。     

论“互联网+”商业模式专利保护的制度设计

“互联网+”商业模式日益成为我国市场经济发展的强劲发动机,有必要对其进行保护,而专利保护应作为主要方式。目前相关法律保护制度无法充分覆盖商业模式保护,需要重新进行制度设计。我国“互联网+”商业模式专利保护的制度设计,应坚持静态与动态相结合的总体观察视角,以利益的冲突、衡量与选择作为核心设计理念。具体而言,应以专利法律为主,配套政策文件为辅,构建商业模式知识创新与利用的整体政策体系;在商业模式专利审查范围扩大的情况下,应当严格专利审查标准,尤其是严格创造性标准的审查;采用特别保护制度进行辅助,比如短期专利制度等特别措施;建立商业模式专利人才体系培养机制,探寻商业模式专利保护的国际合作机制,坚定维护我国国家社会利益,促进经济社会整体发展与繁荣。     

Productivity growth decomposition with FE-IV approach: Rethinking Thai commercial banks after the financial crisis

To cope with the Asian Financial Crisis, Thai commercial banks have gone through a reconstructing period. This study aims to decompose the Total Factor Productivity growth (TFP) for Thai commercial banking industry with an output distance function. With an unbalanced panel dataset, we used the Fixed Effect (FE) model with Instrumental Variables (IV) to estimate the TFP growth empirically. We found the technical inefficiency change and scale effects were the two major contributors to the recent growth, while the input price effect of the premises and equipment was the major preventer of the growth. Moreover, the Thai commercial banking industry produced in decreasing return to scale, and the input–output allocation was not at the profit maximization optimum under the exogenous prices.     

机构侵害中小投资者违规监管博弈仿真

本文主要对股票市场中机构投资者侵害中小投资者利益这种违规行为的监管进行了博弈分析,并使用基于主体建模的动态仿真方法在Swarm仿真平台上建立了仿真模型,同时进行了仿真实验。研究指出,严厉的事前监管、完善的上市公司管理制度以及更高的监管者素质可以有效地杜绝机构投资者侵害违规行为的出现。本文通过运用经济仿真方法对股票市场具体违规行为监管问题进行研究,将股票市场监管、博弈论与经济仿真这三个研究领域结合在一起,拓展了对股票市场监管的研究手段,在经济学研究中做出了一定有益的探索。 更多还原     

自主创新的制度基础与政策边界

自主创新的政策效应不是取决于政策本身的设计,而是决定于政策背后的制度基础与市场条件。从自主创新政策是一种制度安排的研究视角,通过分析内生与外生安排的自主创新政策的不同绩效,给出了一个解释我国自主创新政策效应的分析框架。进而通过对政策边界的明晰界定,指出内生安排的自主创新政策效应只有在有效的边界范围内才能得以释放。     

企业制度变革中的博弈与均衡——一个关于国有企业民营化的实证研究

企业制度运行以利益相关者之间的共有理念为心理依托；这种共有理念体现在人们博弈均衡之中，是人们行为选择的默认前提，其形成和发展具有不以个人意志为转移的客观规律；企业制度变革的任务，是通过企业利益相关者之间的博弈和信任，在适应和调整共有理念的基础上，塑造合理的企业控制权主体。     

Does it pay firms to register for taxes? The impact of formality on firm profitability

This paper estimates the impact of registering for taxes on firm profits in Bolivia, the country with the highest levels of informality in Latin America. A new survey of micro and small firms enables us to control for a rich set of measures of owner ability and business motivations that can affect both profits and the decision to formalize. We identify the impact of tax registration on business profitability using the distance of a firm from the tax office where registration occurs, conditional on the distance to the city center, as an instrument for registration. Proximity to the tax office provides firms with more information about registration, but is argued to not directly affect profits. We find tax registration leads to significantly higher profits for the firms that the instrument affects. However, we also find some evidence of heterogeneous effects of tax formality on profits. Tax registration appears to increase profits for the mid-sized firms in our sample, but to lower profits for both the marginal smaller and larger firms, in contrast to the standard view that formality increases profits. We show that owners of large firms who have managed to stay informal are of higher entrepreneurial ability than formal firm owners, in contrast to the standard view (correct among smaller firms) that informal firm owners are low ability.     

Contract enforcement and the size of the informal economy

This paper describes a model where the size of the informal sector decreases as the degree to which financing contracts can be enforced in the formal sector rises. Agents who choose to operate in the informal sector can evade taxes, but they have no access to official means of contract enforcement. Numerical simulations of the model suggest that lax tax enforcement alone does not suffice to generate a large informal sector. Contractual imperfections, on the other hand, can generate a large informal sector and account for several distinguishing features of the organization of production in developing economies. I would like to thank Tim Kehoe, Ed Prescott and Manuel Santos for their guidance, and seminar participants at ITAM, the Universidad Torcuato di Tella and the University of Montréal for their valuable comments. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and may not reflect the views of the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas or the Federal Reserve System.     

The origins of agricultural inheritance traditions

We investigate the origins of agricultural inheritance traditions, equal partition and primogeniture. Our case study is the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Our empirical findings suggest that rural inheritance traditions were primarily determined by geography. First, fertile soils allowed splitting of the land among siblings for longer and with fewer conflicts, and hence we find more equal partition in areas with higher soil quality, especially at elevation levels conducive to intensive agriculture. Second, geography determined the settlement pattern. Areas that were settled before the Middle Ages, when land was abundant and free, are more likely to apply equal partition today. In areas that were largely uninhabited until the Middle Ages, primogeniture is the norm. We argue that these areas were deforested with the obligation of primogeniture, imposed by feudal lords.