Driving force from authorities: the evolution of innovation system for biomedical industry in China

Over the past 30 years, China has fully exploited its advantage to steadily foster an innovation system for the biomedical industry with Chinese characteristics, that is, ‘Government-guided, resource-integrated and long-term planning.’ The system originated from historically famous ‘863 program’ in the 1980s, evolved with a series of favourable policies in the different periods, and eventually has taken shape in the industrial clusters across the country. It features with a systematic and integrated R&D infrastructure (or public platform) at different levels. In this study, China’s biomedical innovation system will be examined and the leading role of Chinese authorities will be explored from the perspective of Triple Helix theory. As the ‘highland of innovation’, Shanghai case is highlighted with plentiful information gathered from primary sources in the involved agencies for the first time, including the Shanghai Biopharma Service Platform.     

Surplus Value Production and Realization in Marxian Theory – Applications to the U.S., 1990–2015

ABSTRACT

Marx's Capital shows that surplus value can be produced in one industry, yet realized as profit (and possibly revenue) by other industries over the course of circulation. This paper highlights the separation between surplus value production and realization in Marx's work, and develops a new method for estimating surplus value production at the industry level to trace out transfers of surplus value across industries. The framework is based on the ‘New Interpretation’ and links money value added to surplus value production at the industry level. Data on value added by industry for the U.S. are used to estimate surplus value production by industry. The analysis allows comparison of surplus value production and realization in each industry. The pattern of differentials between surplus value creation and realization across industries sheds light on the processes of capitalist competition and points to a source of instability for capitalist economies.     

Why you should use high frequency data to test the impact of exchange rate on trade

This study suggests that testing the impact of exchange rate on trade should be done using high-frequency data. Using different data frequencies for identical periods and specifications between the US and Canada, we show that low-frequency data might suppress and distort the evidence of the impact of exchange rate on trade in the short run and the long run.     

资源观战略理论与我国中小企业竞争战略

企业竞争优势一直是企业战略研究的核心问题.资源观战略理论从企业内部资源能力角度研究企业的竞争优势,并大大丰富了企业战略研究的内容.尽管Porter等对资源观战略理论的理论性与研究方法提出了质疑,但也承认资源观战略理论提出了很多非常好的概念和思想.在全面分析资源观战略理论的基础上,从资源的角度分析我国创业型企业如何实施战略管理,这对于促进我国创业型中小企业健康快速发展、保持竞争优势具有重要意义.     

对美国新经济的认识

所谓新经济 ,其实是对美国经济领域出现的新现象、新变化、新趋势的反映和描述。新经济虽然对美国2 0世纪经济繁荣功不可没 ,但无论在哪个方面都还作用有限。我们要结合国情认真研究新经济动向 ,促进对新经济的消化、吸收 ,最重要的是应按照既定的步骤完成我们的战略目标。     

危机后期经济增长方式转变、指导思想与实践路径——必须依据马克思主义理论为指导克服危机

经济增长理论是社会经济增长的一种理论反映,源于斯密和李嘉图为代表的古典经济学,是二战后在发达国家广泛流行的经济理论。但是发达国家经济学家自身存在的认识论缺陷使其不可能科学完整的建立经济增长理论及模型,因此必须遵循马克思的方法论从理论为实际的反映入手建立科学模型,并指导中国经济结构以及产业结构的调整,特别是经济增长方式的转变实践中经济结构及产业结构的优化升级。     

生产力:是什么与什么是——从系统论看马克思的生产力理论

关于“生产力”,马克思有诸多提法和表述。正确认识和处理不同含义的生产力概念及其相互关系,无疑是正确地理解和把握马克思的生产力理论乃至整个唯物史观的重要前提。本文运用现代“系统论”方法,分别就生产力系统的“系统质”、系统内部的“要素”和“结构”、系统外部的“环境”和“条件”进行梳理和剖析。基本结论是：要把“系统质”的一般层面的生产力规定与内部“要素”和“结构”、外部“环境”和“条件”等具体层面的生产力规定区别开来;前者回答的是生产力“是什么”的问题,后者回答的则是“什么是”生产力的问题;既不能把这些不同层次的生产力规定混为一谈,更不能用具体层面的任何一种生产力规定去排斥甚至取代一般层面的生产力规定。     

对传统人力资源成本会计核算模式的理性思考

传统的人力资源成本核算模式是以西方发达国家劳动力具有稀缺性为前提构建起来的,据此,对人力资源的获得、开发及遣散等主要成本进行核算构成了传统人力资源成本核算模式的基本框架;但就我国现实经济的客观实际来看,该模式在计量、核算和反映我国劳动密集型人力资源运动内在变化的规律上存在缺陷。因此,依据我国企业人力资源成本变化的实际,用科学、创新、合理的方式来建立人力资源成本会计核算模式是必须的、也是理性的。     

对传统供需理论的反思

西方经济学中的传统供需理论已无法解释高档奢侈品"越贵越畅销"的消费现象.新综合供需曲线分为两部分,在"价格引发点"以下的部分遵循传统供需曲线的运动机理,而在"价格引发点"以上的部分则遵循新的运行规律,即价格越高.需求越强劲,而供给则减少.价格升高反而需求强劲是因为一般效用之外的额外效用在发挥消费的主导作用;价格升高时供给反而减少是由于进入壁垒的增高和已进入企业的主动限产.这一理论可以有效解释高档市场"反常"的消费现象.