Eighteenth-Century Evolutionary Thought and its Relevance in the Age of Legislation

This essay revisits the evolutionist writingsof the eighteenth century to clarify their key ideas concerninglegal and social evolution and to assess their relevance in thepresent era of pervasive legislation. The discovery of the principleof the accumulation of design is traced to these writings andthe continuity of twentieth century spontaneous-order theoryand new institutional economics with this tradition is noted.While highlighting the contributions of other institutional theoriststo the elucidation of the role of purposive action in legal evolution,the author argues that input designing does not alter the fundamentalnature of legal emergence as postulated by the eighteenth centuryscholars. The essay supports the ideal of legal generality, freespeech, property and contractual freedom as normative implicationsof the evolutionary viewpoint.     

Perceived Determinants of Well-Being and Enjoyment Level of Leisure Activities

Two facets of leisure, perceived determinants of well-being and enjoyment of common leisure activities, were investigated in 388 participants. For well-being, a principal components (PCA) analysis yielded five components: competence, relatedness and health, wealth, personal values, and freedom of choice. For the enjoyment of leisure activities, another PCA generated seven components: wellness, sedentary leisure, intellectual leisure, social leisure, routine activities, self-realization, and inner peace. Different leisure enjoyment of young adults (18–30 years old) in contrast to adults and seniors was attributed to social transformations as also predicted by several theories of social change. The relationship between the determinants of well-being and enjoyment of leisure activities was statistically significant but meaningfully debatable.     

经济结构理论及其在中国的发展

文章勾勒了经济结构的历史演变轮廓； 回顾了新中国成立后对经济结构理论与实践的探索； 论述了改革开放以来中国经济结构理论的新发展； 提出了新时期的经济结构调整需要以理论创新为先导的主张。新时期的结构理论创新主要体现在：资源配置理论被运用于结构调整分析中，提出了结构调整主体和调整战略转换理论；西方制度变迁理论在经济结构变动中的运用；结构升级与支柱产业理论的探讨。     

构建高职院校思政课学习型师资队伍的思考

学习型组织理论之所以风靡全球，根源在于这是一个必须学习和创新的时代，时代的变革和社会的进步．使得人们日益接受这一理论并自觉地运用到具体的工作之中。文章结合当前高职院校的实际，提出在高职院校思政理论课教师队伍中构建学习型组织，进一步提高这支队伍的整体素质，增强思政理论课的实效性，从而提升大学生思想政治工作水平。     

国际贸易理论演化中的哲学逻辑和历史线索

本文对国际贸易理论演化中潜在的哲学逻辑和历史线索进行提炼和总结,借用＂道生一,一生二,二生三,三生万物＂的中国古代哲学思想来阐释经典国际贸易理论体系演化的内在哲学逻辑,并从推动理论发展的三大动因的角度来说明国际贸易理论演化的历史线索,试图探寻国际贸易理论发展中存在的潜在规律性,并在此基础上,对国际贸易理论今后的发展进行适当的展望。     

Conditions for Optimality of a Currency Area

Two approaches to the theory of OCA are distinguished in this paper. The first, called the marginalistic approach, attempts to define the OCA from the point of view of a single country, and the second examines the optimality of a currency area of a given membership. The marginalistic approach and its limitations are discussed first. Then, the paper proceeds to the second approach which is discussed in the context of the cooperative game theory in characteristic function form; it argues that a currency area is optimal when the welfare functions of its constituent members are in the core. This implies that the welfare functions of all constituent members of the currency area are maximized and hence they are all better off with a common currency rather than with their own national currencies; hence, no member country has the intention to abandon the currency area. The paper concludes that the condition for the optimality of a currency area independently of the degree of economic similarity of its constituents requires that the characteristic function must exhibit non decreasing returns with respect to its size.     

中国共产党人继承和发展了马克思主义人口理论

中国共产党人的人口思想是以三代中央领导集体为代表的中国共产党人把马思主义人口理论同中国社会主义建设事业的具体实践相结合的产物,是中国共产党集体智慧的结晶.从多个方面论述了中国共产党人人口思想对马克思主义人口理论的继承和发展.     

行为科学对经济社会发展的推动作用

行为科学作为管理科学的基础之一，它的发展，为科技教育和经济社会发展带来了新的推动。它研究需要动机理论和群体行为、领导行为及劳动的心理活动，这些都直接促进人力资源的管理和开发，推动社会主义现代化建设。     

Keynes,investment, unemployment and expectations

In Keynes’ General Theory, investment determines effective demand, which determines unemployment and the labour market plays a negligible role. In New Keynesian models, labour market institutions determine the natural rate of unemployment and the speed at which unemployment adjusts to it. Investment is mostly ignored as a key variable behind the problem of high unemployment, despite a strong empirical association between investment and unemployment. We discuss the evolution of the ‘Keynesian’ model, and how in the process of domesticating the General Theory, the central relationship between unemployment and investment and the role of the state of confidence was bred out of the model. We then present some evidence of the centrality of investment and expectations to the long‐term evolution of unemployment in OECD countries. We also argue that recent results in finance, which find that individuals do not behave rationally and, moreover, that there may be no basis for rational calculation, provides support for Keynes’s notion that animal spirits play a central role in investment.     

Risky business: How social psychology can help improve corporate risk management

Drawing on research in management theory, risk analysis, and the social sciences, this installment of Business Law & Ethics Corner promotes diversity of thought in corporate governance as not only beneficial to business growth and creativity, but also imperative to managing risk successfully. The article begins with a review of four major worldviews and the risk preferences of each. Next, it examines psychological processes that guide human decision making and greatly influence risk perception. The article then applies these worldviews and psychological phenomena to the case of risk management. It offers a critique of current risk management practices, drawing on evidence from the 2007–2008 financial crisis. The article concludes by promoting increased diversity of worldviews in corporate governance as a way to prevent the same risk blindness that led to the Great Recession.