Estimating price trends for residential property: A comparison of repeat sales and assessed value methods

The repeat sales methodology for estimating residential price indices is based on actual appreciation of individual properties. On the other hand, the repeat sales method wastes data, typically discarding a large percentage of all sales. This article explores two issues related to the subsample of repeat sales. First, are paired sales representative of the entire population of properties that sold? Second, is there evidence that sample selectivity biases the price trend estimates? Evidence from five metropolitan areas supports a negative answer to the first question and the second question. It appears that a “lemon” or “starter home” effect causes repeat residential sales to be a biased subsample of all transactions. Cumulative price trends for the repeat subsamples can differ from the full samples over periods ranging from two to ten quarters. While short-term price trends can differ widely, there are no systematic differences among the samples over long periods of time (e.g., three years or more).     

IT企业渠道模式探讨

介绍了我国IT企业渠道模式的发展过程及原因,并对各典型的渠道模式进行了比较评价,最后论述了我国IT企业渠道模式的发展趋势。     

Constraints on Loan Sales and the Price of Liquidity

In the syndicated loan market, borrowers and syndicate arrangers sometimes employ contractual restrictions that influence a loan’s liquidity. We analyze two types of constraints on loan resales: (1) prior consent constraints implemented by the borrower or the syndicate’s lead arranger and (2) a minimum denomination requirement for loan sales. We hypothesize that constraints could be mechanisms for fostering relationships and/or facilitating the resolution of financial distress and find some support for each notion. We find that resale constraints are more likely when borrowers are small and have relatively poor credit ratings. We also find that loans with any type of constraint have higher all-in-spreads and are more likely to be secured than unconstrained loans and that the marginal cost of constraining liquidity is relatively high.

中小企业的分销渠道策略

分销渠道主要有三种基本模式,即直接分销渠道模式、间接分销渠道模式和产销联合体模式。妥善设计分销渠道,认真选择中间商、制定合理的中间商政策和渠道冲突对策,优化渠道结构等是制定中小企业分销渠道策略时要重点考虑的内容。     

认真履行做市义务,努力促进业务发展

我国银行间市场的做市商制度脱胎于双边报价商制度,2007年1月9日中国人民银行发布2007年第1号公告,即全国银行间债券市场做市商管理规定,标志着我国银行间债券市场中正式引入做市商制度。中国银行自成为首批现券双边报价机构以来,积极响应中国人民银行的号召,始终活跃在银行间市场之中。     

制造商的模式决策——直销或贴牌

本文借助定量模型讨论,对比制造商在直销模式和OEM模式之间的运营情况,分析制造商模式选择过程中的影响因素的变化情况造成的结论差异,发现制造商模式选择时生产成本和品牌溢价的双重决定性。     

Impact of Sales Call Adaptiveness and Customer Willingness on Sales Call Length: A Cross-Country Study of India,China, Korea,and Philippines

ABSTRACT

In this empirical study across four countries (India, China, Korea, and Philippines), we examine the impact of sales call adaptiveness and customer willingness on sales call length (duration) of salespersons in these four countries. Sales call length as well as sales call quality—although important constructs in sales—are still underresearched in the domain of sales management. Our study in these four emerging markets sheds new light on enhancing sales force effectiveness. Using survey data from 847 salespersons in four countries, we analyze using multivariate analysis, and our results suggest that sales force effectiveness can be enhanced by giving them the autonomy to decide the sales call length based on the prospect quality. We also demonstrate that salespeople indulging in sales-oriented behaviors may be detrimental to the long-term relationship with customers. Emphasis on relational sales approaches would reduce sales practices such as pitching products or services to unwilling customers. Our study also highlights the interactive role of customer willingness and sales adaptiveness. We found several inter-country differences across sales practices in four countries, which have several meaningful managerial implications.     

如何发挥信息分析在营销中的作用

通过市场信息分析预测,指导原料采购、生产方案的改变、以及销售策略的制定。主要是根据国家政策导向,整理分析反馈信息,了解成品油市场的影响因素,判断市场的走势,为销售调整油品价格提供理论依据。分析市场、积极适应市场,企业效益实现最大化,是信息分析的最高目标。     

基于消费者视角的茶叶企业品牌资产模型构建和实证研究

采用问卷调查的方式,参考国内外学者的研究成果,提出了基于消费者视角的茶叶企业品牌资产的概念模型,在理论和实证相结合的情况下,得出茶叶企业品牌资产由品牌知晓度、品牌形象、感知质量和品牌忠诚度4个维度构成,非货币性销售促进方式对茶叶企业品牌资产的建立更有利。品牌资产是茶叶企业最重要的战略资源,企业应加强这四个维度的建设管理,并在营销活动中开发和应用更多的非货币性销售促进工具,从而茶叶企业才能在日益残酷的竞争环境中占有优势。