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21.
Gabrielle Demange 《Economic Theory》2002,20(1):1-27
Summary. This paper defines and studies optimality in a dynamic stochastic economy with finitely lived agents, and investigates the
optimality properties of an equilibrium with or without sequentially complete markets. Various Pareto optimality concepts
are considered, including interim and ex ante optimality. We show that, at an equilibrium with a productive asset (land) and sequentially complete markets, the intervention
of a government may be justified, but only to improve risk sharing between generations. If markets are incomplete, constrained
interim optimality is investigated in two-period lived OLG economies. We extend the optimality properties of an equilibrium with
land and give conditions under which introducing a pay-as-you-go system at an equilibrium would not lead to any Pareto improvement.
Received: October 5, 1998; revised version: April 3, 2001 相似文献
22.
Under what circumstances do workers sign contracts with high quitting penalties? Our answer points to market transparency. When the worker's performance is privately observed by the incumbent firm, alternative employers face an adverse selection problem. As a result, efficient separations can only take place through involuntary layoffs and there is no role for quitting fees. In contrast, when performance is public, quitting fees are useful devices to appropriate the surplus from workers’ reallocation. Separations are amicable and take the form of quitting after downwardly renegotiating the fees. Qualitative features of contracts are independent of the distribution of ex-post bargaining power. The impact of switching costs on total welfare and its distribution depends on the degree of market transparency and the ex-ante distribution of market power. 相似文献
23.
Carlos N. Bouza 《Metrika》2002,56(2):171-179
The estimation of the population mean when ranked set sampling [rss] is used for selecting the sample and non responses [nr]
are present, is studied. The nr stratum is sub sampled using simple random sampling with replacement. Two strategies are analyzed.
One of them is based on the selection of a sub sample from the nr in each cycle. The other uses sub samples selected among
the nr in each rank.
The accuracy of the proposed estimators is characterized by the corresponding expected variances. Simulations and real life
data are used for analyzing the behavior of them.
Acknowledgements: This paper was developed partially during the visit of the author to Université des Antilles et Gouyane. The author gratefully
acknowledges the helpful suggestions of the referees and thanks the support of DAAD for visiting Humboldt University where
a version of the paper version was made. 相似文献
24.
Kent Hargis 《The Journal of Financial Research》2002,25(1):19-38
I examine the effect of different forms of foreign investment liberalization on risk in emerging equity markets, including international cross-listings and closed-end country funds, and in the domestic equity market as foreign investment restrictions are eliminated. I find that in Latin American markets volatility declines significantly with different forms of foreign investment liberalization, and in Asian markets volatility does not increase significantly. Volatility is driven by domestic factors in South America, but the transmission of volatility from the United States to Mexico increases after liberalization. The market risk exposure increases in Argentina after liberalization, in Chile with an index of American Depositary Receipts, and in Thailand with greater foreign ownership, reducing the diversification benefits of these markets. 相似文献
25.
供应链构建的机制分析 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
介绍了供应链的概念,交易成本经济学的基本理论,并把二者结合从经济学的角度分析了供应链构建的经济学机理,为供应链理论的发展提供了一个新的研究方向。 相似文献
26.
27.
Efficient Liability Rules: Complete Characterization 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Received May, 18, 2000; revised version received March, 19, 2001 相似文献
28.
Ivan Paya Ioannis A. Venetis David A. Peel 《Oxford bulletin of economics and statistics》2003,65(4):421-437
Two different approaches intend to resolve the ‘puzzling’ slow convergence to purchasing power parity (PPP) reported in the literature [see Rogoff (1996) , Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 34.] On the one hand, there are models that consider a non‐linear adjustment of real exchange rate to PPP induced by transaction costs. Such costs imply the presence of a certain transaction band where adjustment is too costly to be undertaken. On the other hand, there are models that relax the ‘classical’ PPP assumption of constant equilibrium real exchange rates. A prominent theory put together by Balassa (1964, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 72) and Samuelson (1964 Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 46) , the BS effect, suggests that a non‐constant real exchange rate equilibrium is induced by different productivity growth rates between countries. This paper reconciles those two approaches by considering an exponential smooth transition‐in‐deviation non‐linear adjustment mechanism towards non‐constant equilibrium real exchange rates within the EMS (European Monetary System) and effective rates. The equilibrium is proxied, in a theoretically appealing manner, using deterministic trends and the relative price of non‐tradables to proxy for BS effects. The empirical results provide further support for the hypothesis that real exchange rates are well described by symmetric, nonlinear processes. Furthermore, the half‐life of shocks in such models is found to be dramatically shorter than that obtained in linear models. 相似文献
29.
Characterization and construction of optimal designs using the familiar optimality criteria, for example A-, D- and E-optimality
are well studied in the literature. However the study of the Distance Optimality (DS-) criterion introduced by Sinha (1970)
has very recently drawn attention of researchers. In the present article, we consider the singularly estimable full rank problem
of estimating the full set of elementary treatment contrasts using the DS optimality criterion in the set up of a one way
ANOVA model. Using a limit argument it turns out that a CRD in which difference between any two allocation numbers is at the
most unity is uniquely DS-optimal.
Acknowledgement. We are thankful to Prof. B. K. Sinha for suggesting the problem to us and many helpful discussions with him. We are also
thankful to the referees for drawing our attention to the reference of Bischoff (1995) and many helpful comments. 相似文献
30.
above the certainty level while for additive uncertainty the price should be lower than the certainty level. This note gives an intuitive explanation for the result after first presenting a parsimonious review
of the two models. We also discuss which, if either, of the two models is more realistic.
Received December 14, 2001; revised version received July 16, 2002
Published online: April 30, 2003
We thank referees for helpful comments. Ciaran Driver would like to acknowledge the research facilities from ANU, Canberra
for their help in writing this paper. 相似文献