墨子经济逻辑思想初探

中国古代逻辑是世界三大逻辑源流之一,深刻地影响了中国古代的经济思想。研究中国古代经济思想,应当注意到中国古代逻辑对其深刻的影响：本文探讨了墨子“察类”、“明故”的逻辑方法在阐述“义利”论、生财论、商品交换论思想时的应用,探讨了作为墨子经济逻辑思想有机构成的“权”论、“效”论等逻辑方法,并尝试将墨子的经济思想与亚当·斯密的观点作对照,启发新的思考。     

Agriculture in Europe 2000: An interim report on a cross-national research project

The futures research programme initiated by the European Cultural Foundation, Amsterdam, in 1968, under the general title of Plan Europe 2000, consists of four projects : Education, Industrialisation, Urbanisation and Agriculture.¹ Work on the last Agriculture Project commenced in September 1970. The prime aim of the project is to provide alternative “guiding images” of the roles and functions which agriculture could fulfil in Western Europe in the future.²     

A类品划分的补充及对库存管理系统的选择

ABC分类法常用于库存管理中,但其划分都是从金额入手的,有一定的局限性。在实际应用中可根据数量、金额、重要性等内容划分,并选择不同的库存管理系统。     

“We do what we must,and call it by the best names”: Can deliberate names offset the consequences of organizational atypicality?

Research summary: This article focuses on organizational naming as a strategic choice organizations make to overcome liabilities of atypicality. We argue that, in markets presenting an “illegitimacy discount,” atypical organizations may use deliberate names—names that communicate the market categories to which organizations claim membership—to offset the consequences of atypicality. Using data from the global hedge fund industry, we show that atypical hedge funds are more likely than typical funds to have deliberate names. Importantly, the selection of a deliberate name is economically significant. First, funds with deliberate names grow faster than funds without deliberate names, especially among atypical funds. Second, while atypicality heightened the likelihood of failure during the recent financial crisis—even after controlling for fund performance—having a deliberate name mitigated this effect. Managerial summary: Differentiation is a core element of many organizations' competitive advantage. Nevertheless, as differentiation implies being atypical among one's competitors, differentiation strategies can also lead to an “illegitimacy discount” whereby differentiators are at risk of being misunderstood, miscategorized, and ignored by consumers. Here we investigate how atypical hedge funds—funds that differentiate themselves from their competitors by investing in notably unique ways—use names to offset the potential consequences associated with the “illegitimacy discount.” Our analysis of more than 12,000 hedge funds over 12 years highlighted a trend whereby atypical hedge funds were more likely to choose names that unambiguously associated them with a known investment strategy—for instance, choosing the name “Apex Global Macro Capital” over simply “Apex Capital.” Importantly, name selection proved to be economically significant. For example, among atypical hedge funds, those with unambiguous names grew faster than those without. Furthermore, while being atypical increased the level of disinvestment during the recent financial crisis, having an unambiguous name reversed this effect. Organizational names play an important communication role with consumers, which, while highly symbolic, may also help resolve the dual organizational need to both conform to consumer expectations and differentiate from market competitors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

＂Differences＂are the Biggest Obstacle

China has the greatest numbers of both teachers and students worldwide ,who teach and learn English. Therefore ,to analyze the obstacles of learning English for Chinese is necessary. This article gives the idea of differences between Chinese and English mainly in languages and cultures fields. Through these we can see clearly that ＂differences＂ are the biggest obstacle in language learning.     

The social construction of a land cover map and its implications for Geographical Information Systems (GIS) as a management tool

The social construction of a land cover map is explored and the implications of this process for the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) as a land management tool are discussed. Different social contexts create different mapping regimes and contribute to different conceptions of area classes. This likely creates challenges for the mapping process, including the consistency and comparability of the final product across time and space. In this study, part of the mapping process for the Norwegian land cover map called AR5 was followed. By seeing map classes as experiential categories, light is shed on the social construction of land cover/use maps. Different administrative units involved in the mapping process have different interpretations of area classes, even if the class definitions are the same. Local administrative units are closely influenced by the realities of local farmers and tend to map land use rather than land cover, even when they are instructed by the national mapping agency to map land cover. Such a difference challenges the comparability and consistency of maps (land cover vs. land use) when they are used in GIS to detect and monitor change. Alternatively, such co-operative map-making can be seen as an opportunity for the sharing and negotiation of power between the different management groups involved.     

国际著名管理学类英语论文标题特征研究

本文对管理学类国际著名的5本期刊的英语论文标题的结构及用词特征进行了研究。为此,本文建立了一个100个标题的语料库,随机抽取了Administrative Science Quarterly,Journal of Management Studies,Journal of Management,Strategic Management Journal和The Academy of Management Journal中各20个标题。结论表明管理学类论文标题有其自身的结构和用词特点。研究的意义在于为国内同行撰写管理学英语论文标题提供参考。     

论浮动抵押制度的具体适用

浮动抵押制度是我国<物权法>刚刚确立的一种新型抵押担保方式,浮动抵押权人由于不能对抗善意的买受人,为保护其优先权的实现,浮动抵押权人会与抵押人约定限制、禁止转让抵押财产或限制、禁止再设置其他抵押,该限制性条款不应对抗善意的买受人,同样不应对抗善意的再抵押权人,如限制性条款已登记公示则可对抗再抵押权人.浮动抵押权与固定抵押权冲突时应以固定抵押取得财产是动产还是不动产来解决两个优先权的冲突.浮动抵押权与浮动抵押权冲突的应以登记优先为原则行使优先权.     

An Ontological Turn in Categories Research: From Standards of Legitimacy to Evidence of Actuality

In this Counterpoint to Durand and Paolella, we argue that prior work on categories has neglected processes of category emergence and dissolution. In response, we call for studies of categories that focus on how they emerge and fall out of use and on what they come to mean. We call this an ontological turn in categories research because systems of categorization and their associated meanings capture and reflect what societies view as social realities, or ontologies. As a guide to this broad topic, we develop a framework that relates the effects of categories to the familiarity of (1) occasions and motivations for their usage and (2) meanings and ontologies they carry, and we use this framework to elaborate two paths by which previously unfamiliar categories become accepted as elements of common knowledge. These paths jointly inform the recognition front of the emergence question, an understudied problem in organization studies. Finally, we outline two methodologies – set theoretic analysis and network‐based analysis – that offer particular promise for analysing processes of category emergence and dissolution.