The value of knowledge spillovers in the U.S. semiconductor industry

This paper aims at quantifying the economic value of knowledge spillovers by exploring information contained in patent citations. We estimate a market valuation equation of the U.S. semiconductor firms during the 1980s and 1990s, and find an average value of $0.6 to 1.2 million “R&D-equivalent” dollars for knowledge spillovers embodied in one patent citation. For an average semiconductor firm, such an estimate implies that the total value of knowledge spillovers the firm received during the sample period can be as high as half of its actual total R&D expenditures in the same period. This provides a direct measure of the economic value of social returns or externalities of relevant technological innovations. We also find that the value of knowledge spillovers declines as the size of firm's patent portfolio increases, and that self citations are more valuable than external citations, indicating a significant amount of tacit knowledge or know-how spillovers that occur within the firm.     

The knowledge bases of the world’s largest pharmaceutical groups: what do patent citations to non-patent literature reveal?

This article examines the knowledge bases of the world’s largest pharmaceutical groups by sales. It builds upon the concepts of knowledge specialisation and knowledge integration as the relevant dimensions along which knowledge bases can be mapped. The former is studied developing indicators of breadth. Breadth is measured by analysing the evolution of specialisation by scientific field over time. It hints at the widening range of bodies of scientific and technological knowledge relevant to firms’ innovative activities. Knowledge integration is studied developing indicators of depth. Depth is measured by analysing the evolution of integration across different typologies of research. It hints at the complex, non-linear interdependencies that link the scientific and technological domains. We develop the analysis on the strength of an original database of 33,127 European Patent Office patents and 41,931 citations to ‘non-patent document’ (of which 19,494 were identified as scientific articles included in the ISI databases) of the 30 largest pharmaceuticals groups during the period 1990–1997. The groups studied seem to have incrementally increased the breadth of their knowledge bases, moving towards the fields proper to the new biopharmaceutical research trajectory. At the same time, some of the groups studied exhibit remarkable depth in knowledge integration in particular fields such as biotechnology, biochemical research and neurosciences.     

刍议我国稀土研究的概况及趋势

本文首先简要介绍稀土的概念、应用及其研究意义,其次通过CNKI对我国近十年来稀土研究文献进行检索和统计,最后得出我国稀土研究层次较高,研究领域重点在工程技术领域,研究机构主要是"211"和"985"工程大学等特点。     

Reply to Frederic Lee's Comment on “The Citation Impact of Feminist Economics”

Abstract

This essay is a response to “A Comment on the Citation Impact of Feminist Economics,” by Frederic Lee, which appears in this issue ofFeminist Economics.

Frederic Lee's comment is a valuable addition to our understanding of the intellectual interactions between feminist economics and other schools of heterodox thought, and demonstrates how much can be learned by studying citation patterns.     

论英语泛读教学中的语篇结构分析法

泛读教学的目的在于全篇的理解，而从章结构和语境入手分析全，同时运用表格分析、提纲分析、段落分析，不但能帮助学生把握章脉络，正确理解章内容，掌握中心思想，还能激发其阅读兴趣。     

2011年《情报科学》的文献计量学分析

运用文献计量学方法,对2011年《情报科学》载文、基金资助、作者和引文等方面进行统计分析,并与《情报科学》近几年的有关数据做对比,以期能帮助读者了解该刊,并为该刊今后的发展提供参考数据。     

我国回族研究引用期刊文献计量分析

以我国唯一的全方位研究回族历史文化及社会主义时期回族问题的学术性期刊——《回族研究》2001-2010年引用期刊文献的统计数据为蓝本,从引用频次、引用期刊种类、引用论文的学科发布及著者发布等方面,从文献计量学视角,进行了统计与分析。     

Technological and geographical proximity effects on knowledge spillovers: evidence from the US patent citations

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pattern of knowledge flows as indicated by the patent citations in three areas: USA, Japan and Europe. In each economic area, we use information from United States Patent and Trademarks Office data to assess empirically the impact of the technological and geographical proximities for 530 international firms. In particular, the contribution to the existing literature is twofold: first, we use an international sample in such a way that we may compare the empirical results among different economic markets; second, we extend the analysis of the determinants of knowledge spillovers, taking into account the time dimension of the effects of the proximities. In order to compute the technological proximity, we follow the methodology developed by A.B. Jaffe (1986 Jaffe, A. B. 1986. Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D: Evidence from firms’ patents, profits and market value. American Economic Review, 76(5): 984–1001. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]. Technological opportunity and spillovers of R&D: Evidence from firms’ patents, profits and market value. American Economic Review 76, no. 5: 984–1001), where a technological vector is based on the distribution of patents of each firm across technology classes. As far as the geographic proximity is concerned, we use the latitude and the longitude coordinates of the city in which each firm is situated to obtain the distance, in miles, between the firms. The empirical results, in line with results from previous studies, indicate that there is a statistically significant relationship between the knowledge flows, proxied by the patent citations, and the proximities, but the effects are rather differentiated according to the proximity type.     

学术论文中文献综述的写作

分析国内2001年至2005年两种权威学术期刊中的20篇应用语言学论文的文献综述部分发现,综述的批判创新不足。在撰写综述时应全面客观、大胆批判、力图创新、简要概括、符合逻辑。     

烟花爆竹物流配送问题研究

结合两年来北京春节期间烟花爆竹物流配送工作实际,从配送能力、仓储管理、配送优化调度等方面全面分析烟花爆竹配送的基本原则与方案。