Knowledge, internationalization of the firm, and inward-outward connections

Even though outward operations such as exports and foreign investment have received most of the attention so far, the internationalization of businesses also includes activities that are inwardly oriented. Inward activities like purchases of machinery, the procurement of raw materials and semifinished goods provide opportunities for building relations with foreign actors. They also offer opportunities to learn about foreign trade techniques and ways of using various operation modes, and by active use of such knowledge companies should be in a better position to start or extend outward foreign operations. This paper presents a case study of the Norwegian company Moelven Industrier ASA and its operations in the Russian market. It shows that the creation and utilization of knowledge through inward-outward connections face many obstacles and that, in Moelven's case, the full potential of such connections was seldom realized.     

Bridging the distance: Managing cross-border knowledge holders

This article examines the micro-level operational difficulties for multinational corporations (MNCs) to generate value from its highly geographically dispersed cross-border knowledge and studies the strategies for overcoming them. Using China as the research context, we identify key geographical, institutional and cultural features of cross-border knowledge holders and examine the dimensions of distance that separates them. We then link these dimensions to the conditions that facilitate cross-border knowledge building processes. In doing so, we propose a conceptual model for overcoming these context-specific knowledge management barriers.     

异质性研发、知识溢出与企业创新产出——基于创新链视角的实证分析

畅通创新链的首要前提，是科学认识嵌入创新链的不同类型企业所承载的创新功能差异及企业间技术经济联系。利用2012—2018年我国上市公司授权专利的前向索引数据进行统计分析发现，不同所有制企业存在异质性研发行为，国有企业研发活动更多承担了基础研究创新功能，而民营企业研发活动更多承担了应用研究创新功能。运用面板Tobit模型实证分析异质性研发知识溢出对企业创新产出的影响，结果表明，国有企业知识溢出对企业发明专利与非发明专利申请均表现为促进作用，民营企业知识溢出对企业发明专利申请表现为促进作用，而对非发明专利申请表现为抑制作用，且作用大小在不同所有制以及不同生命周期的企业间存在差异。由此，基于创新链构建新型国家创新体系过程中，应引导国有企业优先布局高度依赖基础研究的科学领域，解决市场失灵问题并充分发挥其创新促进效应；鼓励民营企业在共性技术研究领域展开协作，规避同业竞争所形成的创新抑制效应；因企制宜、分类施策，实现创新资源高效配置和综合集成。     

组织心理所有权如何影响知识隐藏行为——公民疲劳与变革型领导的作用

员工知识分享行为已经引起学术界足够重视，但对工作场所中知识隐藏行为尚缺乏深入了解。基于社会交换理论、资源保存理论，利用306名智力型企业知识员工一手数据，构建了一个带有调节的双重中介模型，检验了组织心理所有权对知识隐藏的影响机制，包括组织公民行为和公民疲劳的中介作用及变革型领导的调节效应。结果表明：组织心理所有权负向预测知识隐藏行为；组织公民行为与公民疲劳在组织心理所有权与知识隐藏之间起显著中介作用；变革型领导正向调节组织心理所有权对组织公民行为的影响，并调节组织公民行为在组织心理所有权与知识隐藏之间的中介作用，该中介作用在变革型领导水平高时更强，在变革型领导水平低时相对较弱。研究结论不仅可以丰富知识隐藏、公民疲劳等理论，还可以为企业知识管理实践提供有效参考。     

科技金融与科技创新协同机制研究

本文以科技金融与科技创新两者的协同为出发点,针对目前两者协同过程中存在的问题,在借鉴国内外科技金融与科技创新先进经验的基础上,提出应该充分发挥政府与市场两方面力量,通过完善科技与金融信息共享平台、创新贷款模式、打造科技金融生态圈、培育复合型科技金融人才以及强化科技金融风险管理等对策建议,以期实现科技金融与科技创新的深入协同,高质量发展中国经济。     

Dispersed entrepreneurship within multinational corporations: A community perspective

The paper develops a new theoretical perspective on the phenomenon of dispersed entrepreneurship in large multinational corporations (MNCs). We argue that the creation and sharing of knowledge in entrepreneurial initiatives involving MNCs is underpinned by a behavioural theory of entrepreneurial communities and that these communities drive the evolution of the MNC organization. While we do not refute related theories of the organization as a social community or communities of practice providing a basis for learning and innovation, we suggest that a different kind of community facilitates dispersed entrepreneurial behaviours within the MNC. This community links participants by a shared desire to create new knowledge for international competition. To succeed in discovering, evaluating and exploiting new opportunities, managers need to allow and nurture situations of high-boundary porosity. The main characteristics, antecedents and consequences of these communities are identified and presented as a conceptual model.     

International Knowledge Flows and Productivity: Intra- vs. Inter-Industry Spillovers

The effects of international knowledge spillovers on total factor productivity (TFP) at the industry level are examined by using a panel of 13 manufacturing industries across 15 OECD countries over 23 years. We distinguish between intra- and inter-industry spillovers from the information on patent applications and citations. Patent data are taken from the Japan Patent Office and the United States Patent and Trademark Office. Using four alternative spatial panel estimation techniques, we find that international knowledge spillovers within the same industry significantly contribute to sectoral TFP. In contrast, there is little evidence of a positive effect of international knowledge spillovers on TFP across industries.     

Procedural learning,consumer decision making,and marketing communication

We examine the applicability of Anderson's (1982) procedural learning framework to consumer decision making within the context of how marketing communications influence people's procedural knowledge about selecting decision criteria for a buying decision. In particular, we explore the importance of explicit, conditional if-then statements (e.g., if you are choosing amongst ..., then you should ...) in which the recommended decision-making operation is compatible with prior procedural knowledge. We test this framework in an exploratory study on advertising effects on women's decision criteria for fitness centers.     

全球价值链中的知识转移与我国制造业升级路径

从全球价值链中的知识转移、知识扩散和组织学习角度出发分析了发展中国家本地企业技术能力的形成过程和产业升级的机制,从创新类型和技术专有性两个维度构建了价值链升级的坐标体系,从工艺、产品、功能和跨越价值链四个角度提出了具体的产业升级路径。最后以联想公司为例分析了我国制造业如何在价值链中攀升从而获得持续的竞争优势。