哈耶克的知识观及其高等教育市场化观点评析

哈耶克所谓的高等教育市场化不仅仅意味着在高等教育领域引入市场手段和竞争机制。还意味着对高等学校系统从权力分配、管理运作到教育内容安排等全方位的再建构的思想指向。它涉及到从不同的知识观出发进而在意识形态层面与“立场”紧密相关的价值观问题、文化观问题等。如何从理论上思考和回应这一层面的问题,是我们在高等教育市场化改革大潮之下不可回避的深层次问题。     

网络镶嵌激励创新驱动的知识与权力效应 ——来自256家在孵企业的实证

在知识经济与大数据智库联耦时代,我国正经历第四波“大众创业、万众创新”浪潮,深挖创新驱动的影响因素与过程效应,是培育打造高水平科研创新团队的重中之重。以我国高新技术企业科研团队为研究对象,基于知识螺旋与网络权力视角,针对我国16个省市高新技术制造领域的256家孵化企业开展实地考察和问卷调研,采用结构方程模型进行实证分析,检验网络镶嵌（关系镶嵌与结构镶嵌）—知识螺旋/网络权力—创新驱动的逻辑路径和影响机理。研究结果表明：网络镶嵌（关系镶嵌与结构镶嵌）显著正向影响创新驱动和知识螺旋;知识螺旋显著正向影响创新驱动,同时在网络镶嵌（关系镶嵌与结构镶嵌）对创新驱动的影响路径中发挥中介效应;网络权力正向调节知识螺旋的中介效应。     

Returns from social capital in open source software networks

Open Source Software projects base their operation on a collaborative structure for knowledge exchange in the form of provision or reception of information, expertise and feedback on the creation of source code. Here, we address the direction of these knowledge flows among projects throughout social networks and their impact on project success. We identify the roles of membership or contribution that individuals play within projects. We found that connections through contributors who bring their knowledge to the project, improve project success, and that connection through members, who transfer their knowledge towards other projects, enhance project success. Finally, we found that ties through shared membership and contributions hamper project success. The analysis of knowledge flows and their impact on project success imply a translation of returns from investment in social capital, where investment takes the shape of knowledge flows and the returns mean the projects’ diffusion over the network.

Inter-organizational communication as a relational competency: Antecedents and performance outcomes in collaborative buyer–supplier relationships

Inter-organizational communication has been documented as a critical factor in promoting strategic collaboration among firms. In this paper, we seek to extend the stream of research in supply chain management by systematically investigating the antecedents and performance outcomes of inter-organizational communication. Specifically, inter-organizational communication is proposed as a relational competency that may yield strategic advantages for supply chain partners. Using structural equation modeling, we empirically test a number of hypothesized relationships based on a sample of over 200 United States firms. Our results provide strong support for the notion of inter-organizational communication as a relational competency that enhances buyers’ and suppliers’ performance. Implications for future research and practice are offered.     

When tools ‘bite first’: How tools-for-reflection (do not) afford reflection and knowledge creation

The paper delineates how our understanding of reflection and knowledge development changes, if we drop the widespread assumption that objects such as tools merely ‘talk back’ (Schön) or ‘bite back’ (Engeström & Blackler) when humans use them. By drawing on the notion of affordances, the paper provides an account of how tools ‘bite first’, which means that their materiality pre-reflectively affords certain patterns of thinking and acting as well as affective states while others are less likely. My 12-month action ethnography basically offers three insights. First, my findings indicate that a tool’s materiality which affords flexibility, complexity, embodied engagement, and happiness is more likely enacted as ‘facilitative reflection’, a type of reflection that results in knowledge creation. Second, if a tool’s materiality affords less flexibility, an entity-focus, detached interaction, and frustration, ‘oppositional reflection’ is enacted, a second type of reflection that does not result in knowledge creation. Since only ‘facilitative reflection’ results in knowledge creation, the affordances-based account of tools-for-reflection also challenges the widespread argument that reflection leads to knowledge creation. Third, I offer some fresh insights into the relation between a tool’s materiality, breakdowns, and associated affective states.     

互联网对企业协同创新中知识增值的影响——软创新资源的作用

互联网环境下协同创新中的知识增值运行机制发生重大改变。从知识流视角出发,整合资源基础观与知识基础观,在完善软创新资源概念的基础上,通过对4个案例的深入探索,分析软创新资源各维度对协同创新知识增值的影响。结果表明,互联网的群智性、泛在性等特点可以孕育出软创新资源,进而影响协同创新中的知识增值。其中,软创新资源包括开放型信息资源、协同型关系资源、创新型文化资源以及技术型能力资源4个维度,并分别作用于知识获取、知识转移、知识创造和应用,从而实现知识增值。最后,针对如何最大程度地发挥互联网在促进知识增值方面的作用,提出相关建议。     

Emergency preparedness in Romania: Dynamics,shortcomings and policy proposals

Romanians were exposed in the last century to a range of natural or man-made disasters, mainly earthquakes and floods. The transition of the country from a Communist authoritarian pattern of emergency preparedness to a democratically civilian emergency system challenges the assessment of emergency preparedness and adds more complexity in designing a better and efficient system. The aim of this paper is to briefly describe the risks and institutions dealing with disasters, to assess the emergency preparedness, the uses of Knowledge Management Systems and Foresight Methodology approaches and to discover the shortcomings of the Romanian Emergency System. The empirical study designed as a reality check focuses on the perception of the local leaders of the emergency system regarding the most probable risks, and the uses and utility of long term strategic planning and foresight methodologies, using the Delphi technique. Lessons drawn from the Romanian transition could provide an interesting case study for other emerging democracies.     

Dynamic decision trees for building resilience into future eco-cities

Intensifying global urbanization and environmental changes bring about the imperative of sustainable urban development and decisions upon inescapable pressures and risks, but knowledge integration between disciplines is a limiting contextual challenge. This paper proposes a reformulation, in terms of urban risk management, of an earlier developed ontological scenario generation method. The procedure consists of several steps: (i) identification-and-prioritization of main pressures, (ii) paired discussion of pressures using four-cell matrices, (iii) re-visit of the pressures' priority order, (iv) articulation of short-listed pressures as decision-making questions, and (v) generation of scenarios via “yes/no” responses to each question, in their order of priority. In this article, the method feeds upon the general context described in recent multi-disciplinary urban studies and public strategic plans in the city of Iasi (Romania), to propose a formal procedure for enabling the acceleration of productive decision making towards city sustainability. Answering three top priority questions, namely “Implement a business-friendly and efficient governance system?”, “Develop a resource management system?”, and “Carry out a human capital accelerator strategy?” results in a 4-scenario set: Receding City, Wanting City, Promising City, Inspiring City. The scenarios are discussed in terms of systemic risks at the end of post-communist transition and beginning of the socio-economic convergence with Western Europe.     

基于环境视角的先进生产性服务业创业策略

先进生产性服务业组织的产生和发展与环境有着密切的联系。在回顾先进生产性服务业组织特点的基础上,结合创业管理关于新组织生成的研究成果,提炼出影响先进生产性服务组织生成的环境系统和作用框架,并基于此框架进一步提出针对该类组织的创业策略。具体而言,新创生产性服务业组织要关注经济环境和工业化进程所带来的机会、特殊产业环境对于新创组织位置选择及知识溢出的影响,以及企业微观生存环境中的关联企业间的互动和合作创新带来的绩效提升。     

浅析知识管理与企业核心竞争力

在新经济时代,知识管理对企业的发展日益重要,本文从知识管理的内涵出发,分析了知识管理与企业核心竞争力的关系,提出了加强知识管理,提高企业核心竞争力的几点对策。