欧美部分国家产业集群实践经验综述

地区产业集群对区域经济的发展起着至关重要的作用。美国、加拿大、意大利、英国、丹麦等国在地区产业集群方面有许多实践经验，主要涉及四个方面：地区产业集群服务、吸引地区集群目标投资、加强地区集群网络与桥梁建设、开发地区集群人力资源。对外国产业集群实践经验进行总结，希望对我国的地区产业集群实践有所裨益。     

美国社会福利制度的现代化进程

美国社会福利制度的现代化开始是以1935年通过的《社会保障法》为标志的,美国社会福利制度现代化的完成是以林登·约翰逊总统的＂伟大社会＂计划的提出和实施为标志。美国的社会福利制度的现代化有其自己的特点和不足,在西欧社会福利陷入困境的21世纪,美国的社会福利是非常值得研究的。     

中美会计模式探析

美国会计模式的基本特征是民间机构制定会计准则,税务会计与财务会计相分离,强调会计信息的充分披露。中国会计模式在会计管理模式、会计核算模式、会计监督模式、会计教育模式等方面与美国会计模式存在差异。中关会计模式差异的原因主要是市场文化理念不同,募集资金的渠道不同,所属法系不同。美国会计模式对我国会计的启示是注重我国会计制度的法制化,健全会计核算制度,加强会计监管。     

Bogotá's Left Turn: Counter-Neoliberalization in Colombia

For the political left, decentralization has increased both the appeal and the importance of governing the city, and yet sharp constraints limit the left's transformative potential when it controls that level of government alone. Bogotá is an important case in point under the recent mayoral administration of Gustavo Petro (2012–15), a demobilized guerrilla leader who sought to implement a series of urban policy reforms that together represent one of the most substantively radical and intellectually coherent attempts to challenge neoliberalism in all of Latin America. Focusing on the four policy arenas through which Petro hoped to transform the city (environment, housing, transport, and trash collection), the article documents the veto power of the firms whose privileges he threatened, as well as the tools through which they derailed reform. In contrast to the failure of his political economy agenda, Petro was indeed able to enact a number of progressive social policy reforms precisely because they did not threaten the profitability of the city's entrenched growth machine.     

Can proactive environmental strategy improve Multilatinas' level of internationalization? The moderating role of board independence

This paper explores the relationships between proactive environmental strategy (PES) and internationalization in emerging markets multinationals from Latin America (Multilatinas). Drawing on the resource‐based view and institutional theory and using a sample of 86 listed firms during the period 2013–2017, we find that Multilatinas with higher tiers of PES are associated with higher degrees of geographic international diversification. Because adopting PES is directly conditioned by institutional pressures to comply with stakeholders' regulations and expectations, Multilatinas that implement advanced PES will be able to achieve a higher level of international presence in foreign markets. Our results also reveal that board independence positively moderates the relationship between PES and geographic international diversification. Specifically, board independence provides Multilatinas with the opportunity to integrate valuable knowledge and expertise and thus to take advantage of implementing advanced PES to achieve even greater levels of internationalization. This study expands understanding of how environmental strategies influence internationalization of firms in the Latin American business context.     

The Link between Institutional and Economic Integration: Insights for Latin America from the European Experience

The European experience illustrates that institutional integration interacts with economic integration at the regional level. In this paper we ask how economic and institutional integration are linked and whether there is a causal link between the two. We present an original indicator of institutional integration and study how it developed vis-à-vis diverse measures of economic integration. In particular, we ask what insights can be drawn from the European process of regional integration, which started in the 1950s, for regional integration in Latin America today. We find that Latin America is currently less economically integrated not only than the European Union today, but for certain economic variables even than the European Union in the 1960s. A VAR analysis illustrates that the link between institutional and economic integration has worked both ways throughout the European experience. There is also evidence that stronger institutional integration has indeed led to deeper economic integration.     

美国流动人口管理及对我国的启示

人口作为生产者和消费者以及科学技术的载体,其流动不是简单的转移,人口流动是市场经济机制内在规律作用的必然结果,同时,又是导致生产方式和生活方式的改变以及社会经济结构变化的重要因素。美国是世界上人口流动最高的国家,每年大约有20%的人口在流动。包括国际人口流动和国内人口流动,这两股潮流汇集形成美国人口流动的总体特征。本文对美国的人口现状及特点分析的基础上,简要介绍了美国人口管理体制与相关政策,最后总结出可供我国在流动人口管理中借鉴的经验。     

美俄竞逐南亚的战略及中国的对策

中美俄三国关系是当今世界最重要的大国关系,三国关系的发展对地区及世界的影响重大。美俄从各自的国家利益出发,在南亚地区进行博弈,以满足各自的战略需求。印度借力美俄之间的博弈,打压巴基斯坦,制衡中国,以实现其＂大国梦想＂。本文探讨了美国与俄罗斯竞逐南亚的战略需求以及中国的对策。