The labour share and the dynamics of output

We derive a new Keynesian IS curve that is augmented to capture the direct effects of the labour share on output. Our derivation shows that the direct effect of the labour share on output is ambiguous. Furthermore, theory suggests that the expected labour share negatively affects output. Empirically, we find that the labour share plays a significant role in driving output dynamics. However contrary to theoretical expectation, the expected labour share positively affects output in some cases, a finding we call the ‘labour share puzzle’. We also find that over time, there seems to be a general shift in aggregate demand dynamics towards being profit-led, i.e. rising labour share decreases output. We conclude that policymakers should not ignore the labour share in their decisions.     

Minimum Wage Compliance and the Labor Demand Curve

Contrary to the traditional analysis of the employment effects of the minimum wage setting, the author shows that if compliance is contingent upon enforcement, complying with the minimum wage law involves a leftward shift of the labor demand curve rather than an upward movement along the curve. Furthermore, the labor demand curve will shift leftward with enforcement even if enforcement is insufficient to ensure compliance, becoming vertical when the options of compliance and noncompliance are equally attractive. Hence, it is not paying the statutory minimum wage that brings about a reduction in employment down to the full-compliance level but enforcement that, if sufficiently high, induces that same reduction in employment, even if the employer is still noncomplying with the minimum wage law.     

Unemployment disparities and regional wage flexibility: comparing EU members and EU-accession countries

This paper provides empirical evidence on regional labor market flexibility in Europe and, in particular, in the EU-accession countries in Central and Eastern Europe. Whereas substantial regional disparities in unemployment are found for pre-accession EU member countries as well as for accession countries, an empirical analysis taking account of spatial effects shows that regional wage flexibility is significantly higher for accession countries. Moreover, unemployment disparities are found to be less persistent in the accession countries.

品牌经济学的理论基础——引入品牌的需求曲线及其经济学分析

需求定律是经济学分析的理论基础之一,品牌经济学的理论基础为引入品牌的需求曲线或考虑选择成本的需求定律。把品牌引入经济学中后,品牌信用度的提高使需求曲线右移并变得更为陡峭,同时品牌信用度的提高改变了需求曲线的位置,使得均衡价格提高,均衡数量增加,增加了消费者剩余和生产者剩余,提高了社会福利水平。文章为“品牌战”替代“价格战”提供了理论依据,即通过品牌建设提高品牌信用度,使得在价格提高的条件下需求量增加,而这只有在需求曲线改变位置时方能做到。     

人民币实际汇率变动对我国进出口贸易影响:1997-2006

本文选取1997-2006年的月度数据,运用VAR方法,考虑了FDI存量和我国加工贸易特征的影响后,对贸易收支与人民币实际汇率变动关系进行了动态分析,并得出如下结论:人民币实际有效汇率的变动显著影响了我国贸易收支;短期内J曲线效应存在,时滞约为5个月;汇率变动对进出口贸易影响的同向性明显;我国贸易收支的收入效应大于价格效应等.     

基于宏程序的椭圆轮廓的数控车加工

宏程序在数控编程中有着广泛的应用。文章结合两种椭圆曲线宏程序编程实例,介绍了宏程序在非圆曲线中的编制方法和技巧,分析表明:宏程序数控编程具有编程快捷和程序短小精悍的显著特点,尤其适用于一些含非圆曲线零件的数控编程加工。     

基于小波变换和曲线拟合法的柴油机故障诊断

为了对柴油机故障类型进行准确诊断,对柴油机缸盖振动信号进行特征提取,所测取的信号通过小波变换提取时域、频域特征参数,得到相应的拟合曲线并计算多项式系数。设定两种常见故障,通过比较其小波变换拟合多项式系数与标准模式间的距离,从而判断出故障类型。经过验证,所判断出的故障类型正好为所设定的故障,由此表明该方法具有很大的优越性。     

立体表面取点挖掘隐含条件的方法探究

立体表面点的投影分析是机械制图教学中的难点问题之一,它对学好这门课程有重要意义,正确求解此类问题的关键是挖掘出隐含已知条件,我们可以通过一句口诀快速的找出已知条件,文章结合典型实例对这一方法进行了运用,此法对老师和学生都有较强的实用价值。     

民用建筑火灾CFAST模拟及分析

运用CFAST6.0区域火灾模拟软件,针对一个典型的民用建筑起火房间进行火灾模拟计算,得出着火房间上层烟气温度、走廊烟气层高度、走廊下层烟气温度及走廊中CO浓度等随时间变化的火灾参数,运用Origin软件对各参数进行数据处理得出相应的变化曲线,并结合曲线进行了详细分析。     

Inflation persistence and exchange rate regime: Implications for dynamic adjustment to shocks in a small open economy

The paper examines implications of inflation persistence for business cycle dynamics following terms of trade shock in a small oil producing economy, under inflation targeting and exchange rate targeting regimes. It is shown that due to the ‘Walters critique’ effect, the country’s adjustment paths are slow and cyclical if there is a significant backward-looking element in the inflation dynamics and the exchange rate is fixed. It is also shown that such cyclical adjustment paths are moderated if there is a high proportion of forward-looking price setters in the economy, so that when the Phillips curve becomes completely forward-looking cyclicality in adjustment paths disappears and the response of the real exchange rate becomes hump-shaped. In contrast, with an independent monetary policy, irrespective of the degree of inflation persistence, flexible exchange rate allows to escape severe cycles, which results in a smooth response of the real exchange rate.