宏观材料学的结构——技术科学分支的思考

本文讨论宏观材料学的结构 ,并思考技术科学的分支。全文分三段共十八个论点。“释题和思考”中 ,讨论材料学、宏观材料学、学科分支及结构四个命题 ;“宏观材料学的结构”中 ,提出了表征系统中组元和关系的结构图 ,论述了十个组元——逻辑、系统、简易材料论、材料史、材料经济、材料法律、材料选用、材料人才、材料科研、材料展望 ;最后提出四点启示——专科实用人才的人文素质 ,仕而优则学 ,交叉结合的新岗位 ,终生学习。     

Application of appreciative inquiry in tourism research in rural communities

Appreciative inquiry is a participatory research method based on positive psychology. Founded upon grounded theory and the social constructivist paradigm, appreciative inquiry is a simple, effective, and epistemologically sound tool to understand the rural population’s knowledge, needs, and priorities without alienating them from research. Based on the study conducted to comprehend the interrelationships among conservation, livelihood, and tourism development in three rural communities located in the vicinity of Chitwan National Park, Nepal, this study argues that appreciative inquiry can be a useful tool for conducting tourism research in rural communities. This study employs five steps, including grounding, discovery, dream, design, and destiny.     

案例研究的5种范式及其选择

近年来兴起的混合研究法为案例研究者提供了新思路,案例研究也因此拥有了更多可供选择的研究范式。现有研究尚未梳理这些范式,也未找出其来源,更不可能告诉案例研究者如何选用这些范式。系统梳理案例研究相关文献,以方法论属性与资料搜集方式为依据,划分得到文献计量、文献荟萃分析、实地观察与访谈、问卷调查、混合研究5种案例研究范式。随后,归纳得到每种范式的12个研究步骤及各种范式之间的内在关联。最后,从案例研究者出发,归纳了案例研究选择过程。主张从案例研究者出发,通过匹配案例研究范式与限制性因素以及评价研究结果并通过反馈环节来改进案例研究选择过程。解决了案例研究者可以选择哪些研究范式以及如何选择的问题,为案例研究者选用规范、科学与适合自身的研究范式提供了一定的借鉴。     

Edith Penrose: A Feminist Economist?

We re-read a foundational work, The Theory of the Growth of the Firm by Edith Penrose, not to identify the androcentric bias but instead to recover a challenge to such bias. Our purpose is to show in Penrose an alternative view of human "nature" and revulsion from "Cartesian" dualisms. At the same time, Penrose had a deep interest in the real world and used metaphor and story alongside empirical observation in the pursuit of theoretical advance. The Theory of the Growth of the Firm provides an approach to industrial organization that is not only consistent with feminist economics but can be read as a methodological and expositional examplar.     

Persuasive devices

This paper addresses the devices by which we persuade in thediscipline—to produce and reproduce representations ofeconomies that focus on atomistic individuals, freedom of choiceand closed systems. By means of these devices we erase fromour perceptual field those characteristics of the economic realmthat consider elements of the social nature of individuals,open system thinking, relationality and relative power, includingthe influence played by income and wealth distribution.     

Economists, value judgments, and climate change: A view from feminist economics

A number of recent discussions about ethical issues in climate change, as engaged in by economists, have focused on the value of the parameter representing the rate of time preference within models of optimal growth. This essay examines many economists' antipathy to serious discussion of ethical matters, and suggests that the avoidance of questions of intergenerational equity is related to another set of value judgments concerning the quality and objectivity of economic practice. Using insights from feminist philosophy of science and research on high reliability organizations, this essay argues that a more ethically transparent, real-world-oriented, and flexible economic practice would lead to more reliable and useful knowledge.     

基于软系统方法的整合创新模型研究

创新过程从本质上讲是一个无结构系统创立或变革的过程,而处理无结构、多目标复杂问题正是软系统方法的优势。在借鉴国外相关创新模型的基础上,提出了一个基于软系统方法的整合创新模型。