The Internationalization Process of Services Firms

Abstract

The internationalization of services firms has not received enough attention in the literature; most studies focus on manufacturers. In order to obtain a better understanding of how services firms enter foreign markets, this study investigates the internationalization process of two Brazilian services firms using a theoretical framework from the Uppsala Model of Internationalization, the Stages Model of Internationalization and other theoretical insights from the literature. Specifically, the study looks at to what extent the internationalization process of these firms follows the patterns suggested in the literature and whether there are remarkable differences when compared to manufacturing firms.     

The effect of (the absence of) multinationals'' foreign direct investment on the level of Eastern European trade

Identifying the most important systemic characteristics that have determined the behavior of CPEs is crucial for the choice of a transition path within the ongoing economic reforms in these countries. The empirical literature on the comparative behavior of CPEs and MEs often gives little help in explaining exactly why the economic performance of CPEs differs from that of MEs. This is certainly the case for studies that have previously examined the comparative levels of CPE trade. Employing the data and methodology of an existing study (Browning, 1985), and adding a variable representing the level of MNC activity in each country, it is shown that the low levels of CPE trade can be completely explained by the NMC activity, without recourse to other effects of the economic system.Abbreviations CPE Centrally Planned Economy - ME Market Economy - MNC Multinational Corporation - CMEA Council for Mutual Economic Assistance     

跨国公司在产业集群中的诱因导向作用

跨国公司对于产业集群的发展起着重要作用。本文在回顾已有研究的基础上,以广东省产业集群为实例,区分跨国公司参与产业集群的不同方式,主要从集群根植性和集群升级两个角度,按产业集群的发展初期和成熟时期两个阶段,运用生命周期、市场供求关系、增长极及价值链等相关理论,来讨论跨国公司对于产业集群所产生的诱因导向作用。     

网络组织在跨国公司创新中的作用及其挑战

网络组织是现代跨国公司组织管理在网络技术推动下的新型组织形式,在当今全球竞争日趋激烈的环境下,知识和创新已成为企业竞争制胜的关键。本文分析了跨国公司网络组织创新的动因,并对我国企业管理组织发展提出了一些建议。     

收房验楼六大“要务”

从房屋交接的实践来看，由于对商品房销售面积的计算方法不甚了解，多数购房者只注重对房屋结构、装修质量的验收，而忽视对房屋面积的核实。实际上，房屋面积的大小不但影响到最终产权，而且涉及房价，对购房者的经济利益产生直接影响。所以核查所购房屋的销售面积也是房屋验收工作中的一个重要环节，     

US—Soviet grain embargoes: Regulating the MNCs

The US government has often attempted to regulate commercial interaction between US grain MNCs (multinational corporations) and the Soviet Union. The US government tried to prohibit the sale of grain to the Soviet Union prior to 1971, to swap US grain for Soviet oil in 1975, and to embargo all grain sales to the Soviets in 1980. Distinctive characteristics of grain MNCs and grain as a commodity, however, have made such efforts at national regulation by the US government a difficult administrative task. These characteristics include the secrecy surrounding grain trading, the fungibility of grain, the use of ‘optional origins’ contracts, and the possession of a considerable number of foreign subsidiaries by the grain MNCs.     

Beyond left versus right: Evolution of political economy in an information age

Current trends indicate the onset of a new era driven by the imperatives of information technology. Technology seems likely to unify left and right wing positions at all economic levels. At the corporate level, progressive firms are evolving into decentralized networks of self-managed ventures that resemble free markets, while being governed as coalitions of stakeholders that integrate profit and social goals into a broader, democratic form of business. At the national level, the USA, Europe and Japan are forming business-government-labour partnerships to create a more sophisticated economic system that fosters both democratic cooperation and free enterprise competition. Socialist states are also beginning to adopt similar principles. These trends suggest the Information Age may produce a new standard of political economy—‘Democratic Free Enterprise’—that represents a synthesis of liberal and conservative ideals.     

北京市国有资产管理体制改革探讨

北京市国有资产管理体制改革已经取得了一定进展,但尚需探讨下一阶段改革深化问题。本文在对北京市国有企业改革述评基础上,认为中间层公司产业定位及加速改革是北京市国有资产管理体制改革的突破口,并且应该从七个具体路径推进改革。     

美日跨国公司在华投资企业治理机制的特征及借鉴

跨国公司治理机制的形成是建立在母公司治理机制不断完善的基础之上的,其有效性包括了各子公司在内的整个企业集团治理机制的效率。跨国公司治理机制的实质就是母子公司治理机制及二者之间的内在联系。中国跨国公司的竞争力与发达国家的跨国公司相比存在很大差距,其根本原因就是公司治理水平的差异。通过对美国、日本跨国公司在华投资企业治理机制的比较,可以看出文化要素对跨国公司治理机制的独特作用,这对中国跨国公司完善治理机制具有重要借鉴意义。     

Tax Treaties and Foreign Direct Investment: Potential versus Performance

Bilateral tax treaties are an important method of international tax cooperation. I survey the existing literature on these agreements, highlighting the differences between the standard view that treaties increase foreign direct investment and the empirical evidence that finds little support for this. I also discuss the key differences in treaty formation between developed countries relative to that between developed and developing nations.