How resilient is La Réunion in terms of international tourism attractiveness: an assessment from unit root tests with structural breaks from 1981-2015

Even if local policymakers increasingly claim that tourism is one of the key factors of future economic development for the French small island La Réunion, international tourist arrivals are observed to be locked in a stagnation phase since the beginning of the 2000s. Starting from this stylized fact, this article aims to study if this phenomenon results from major external events hurting this economy regularly. Next, by using univariate unit root procedures with structural breaks, we test for evidence of permanent or transitory effects of external shocks on international tourist inflows (total, by source markets, and by category) over the period 1981–2015. Finally, the empirical analysis allows us to reject the null of a unit root. Then, stagnation of tourism arrivals to La Réunion is not due to exogenous shocks but probably results from endogenous impediments within the domestic tourism industry and unsuitable public policies.     

Bilateral redistribution

We explore the implications of three basic and intuitive axioms for income redistribution problems: continuity, no transfer paradox and stability. The combination of the three axioms characterizes in the two-agent case a large family of rules, which we call threshold rules. For each level of total income in society, a threshold is considered for each agent. It is impossible for both agents to be below their respective thresholds. If an agent’s income is below the threshold, the difference is redistributed from the other agent; otherwise, the rule imposes laissez-faire.     

Legal evolution of the concept of ‘home base’ for the purpose of determining labour and social security law applicable to European aircrew members

This paper has a dual aim: (1) to outline the legal evolution of the ‘home base’ concept and (2) to map the role of this concept in determining the law applicable (both employment law and social security law) to employment contracts of European aircrew members. An in-depth analysis of the relevant portions of (1) Reg. (EEC) No 3922/91, (2) Reg. (EU) No 465/2012, (3) Reg. (EU) No 83/2014, (4) EASA's 2014 Certification Specifications, and (5) the European Court of Justice's preliminary ruling on joined cases C-168/16 and C-169/16 is conducted.What emerges is that (1) the ‘home base’ definition, due to its subjectivity, has traditionally been susceptible to multiple interpretations and (2) due to regulatory ambiguity, the use of ‘home base’ to identify the labour laws applicable to airline workers has for a long time been inconsistent, ranging from one extreme (being considered a key element for this purpose) to the other (being assigned a secondary role). It was only in the last few years that some improvements were made, with Reg. (EU) No 465/2012 first and the European Court of Justice's 2017 preliminary ruling then, clarifying that the ‘home base’ concept must be assigned a central role in the determination of the law (both social security law and employment law) applicable to employment contracts in the aviation industry.     

我国农用化肥施用的影响因素——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

我国农用化肥施用量不断提高带来的环境污染问题日益严重。研究化肥施用的影响因素及其影响程度,为防止化肥滥施、保护生态环境提供依据意义重大。文章采用1999～2008年我国31个省(市、区)的面板数据,通过面板单位根检验、协整关系检验和多元回归方法分别对国内东、中、西三大区域化肥施用密度与其影响因素之间的关系进行了实证分析。研究结果表明,三大区域农民人均纯收入、人口规模对化肥施用密度具有显著的正向影响,三大区域化肥价格增长率、粮食种植面积比重、化肥产出效率对化肥施用密度具有显著的负向影响,三大区域种植产品生产价格、种植业劳动力数量、农产品国际贸易对化肥施用密度具有不同的影响效果或显著性。     

论无权处分的法律效力

无权处分的法律效力一直就有争论,相关论文也非常多。在主张物权行为与债权行为区分对待和坚持物权行为有因性的前提下,对无权处分的法律效力加以区分控制。     

建国后正确处理人民内部矛盾的历史沿革

建国后,在不同的历史阶段,人民内部矛盾的根源性特征由于利益主体和具体的利益内容不同而反映出不同的时代特征,而党的领导人以马克思主义中国化的理论为指导,正确处理人民内部矛盾,对人民内部矛盾根源性问题的解决也反映了党执政水平的不断提高和执政能力的不断增强。     

两种制度经济学范式中的意识形态理论:分歧与根源

作为制度经济学的两种范式,新制度经济学和马克思经济学的意识形态理论在意识形态的本质和功能、意识形态的根源与变迁、意识形态与制度变迁的关系等方面存在着明显的分歧.整体来看,马克思的分析框架迄今仍是最有说服力的.这些分歧的根源是方法论:新制度经济学的方法论是制度个体主义和建构理性主义,马克思的制度经济学的方法论是制度整体主义与制度个体主义的统一、演进理性主义与建构理性主义的统一.     

不同培养时间对决明子芽菜生物学产量和黄酮含量的影响

本文使用控温豆芽机恒温20℃培养决明子芽菜,研究不同培养时间(5 d、7 d、9 d、11 d和13 d)对决明子芽菜生物学产量和黄酮含量的影响。结果表明,决明子芽菜的胚根长度、子叶长度、胚轴长度、单株鲜重和单株净菜重在培养7 d采收时均高于5 d采收,且差异显著,7 d后各指标数值虽呈增加趋势,但是差异不显著。黄酮含量随生长期增加不断增加,但在5 d、7 d、9 d和11 d之间差异不显著,13 d时采收黄酮含量最高为16.17 mg·g^-1,且与之前不同生长期差异显著。综合生物学产量、黄酮含量及时间成本决明子芽菜培养7 d即可以进行采收。     

Unemployment in Greece: Evidence from Greek regions using panel unit root tests

The purpose of the paper is to examine the nature of Greek regional unemployment. The paper contributes to the literature assessing the stochastic properties of Greek unemployment rate in the context of the Greek regions by relying on various univariate and panel unit root tests. In particular, recently developed and more powerful panel unit-root tests that control for structural breaks, heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence in the panel are employed. The results show that in all cases, after taking into account the fact that regional unemployment rates in Greece are subject to a structural break, the null hypothesis of a unit root is not rejected, indicating that the Greek regional unemployment series are non-stationary with the presence of a structural break.