年龄、临近死亡时间和老年人医疗费用——关于“红鲱鱼”假说的验证

年龄的增长是否必然带来医疗费用的增长?以往的实证研究仍存在争议。使用CLHLS数据,区分不同人群,采用两部模型研究年龄和临近死亡时间与老年人医疗费用的关系。研究发现:虽然在低龄群体中医疗费用随年龄增长而提高,但高龄群体随着年龄的增长医疗费用显著下降;在死亡样本中医疗费用随年龄的增长而下降,而存活样本中并未发现年龄的显著影响。然而,临近死亡时间越短则医疗费用越高,这一规律在各群体中保持稳健。临近死亡时间并未显著影响失能老年人的医疗费用,却显著提高了一年内死亡样本的照料费用。研究表明,寿命的延长并未导致医疗费用的增长,而是推迟了医疗费用高峰期的到来。为此有必要发展和完善临终关怀服务和长期照护保障制度,以降低老年人生命末期的医疗费用并提高生命质量。     

Older women’s identity reconstruction in leisure spaces: a case of Guangzhou,China

ABSTRACT

This article analyzes the social interactions and social relations generated by older women in the urban public leisure spaces of Guangzhou, China. The intent is to explore the identity of older women in daily leisure spaces. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and non-participatory observation and then were analysed to explore the relation among identification, leisure spaces, and interaction. The study shows the older women’s need for self-fulfilment and social interaction, as well as the need to fill emptiness are generally unfulfilled because of the alienation of urban life – the citizens share a common sense of loneliness and senselessness. Nevertheless, the inclusiveness, openness, and group honour of urban public spaces offers a good complement to the sense of isolation. In the specific socio-cultural background of Guangzhou, older women reshape or strengthen their identities through multiple factors to achieve a strong sense of belonging in daily leisure spaces.     

Investigating young adults' use of Internet credit services: A reflective-impulsive dual-process model

While Internet credit services are proliferating fast, they bring serious debt problems, especially to young adults, and further result in negative psychological and social issues. The present study aims to investigate the influential factors underlying the usage of Internet credit services among young adults. Particularly, a dual-process model is proposed by integrating both the reflective and impulsive decision-making process. While the reflective process is modelled based on the theory of planned behaviour, the impulsive process is manifested by examining the antecedents of impulse to use Internet credit services, including immediate gratification, materialism, and self-control. A survey was administered among young adults and 992 valid questionnaires were collected. PLS-SEM methods were applied to analyse the data. It was revealed that the reflective decision-making process exerts significant influence on young adults' usage of Internet credit services, and the impulsive process plays important role in impacting people's usage of Internet credit services among the lower income group. In addition, immediate gratification and materialism were found to positively affect the impulse to use, whereas self-control was identified as an inhibitor of impulse to use Internet credit services. Implications of the finding are discussed at the end of the paper.     

论成人教育向终身教育的发展

终身教育思想是当代影响最为广泛的国际教育思潮,随着终身教育思想的广泛影响,成人教育的功能与潜力得到充分发挥,成人教育是终身教育体系的核心,具有特有的教育职能和教育发展的推动力。     

国外年轻领导对年长员工领导有效性的研究述评及展望

在当前工作场所中,年轻领导管理年长员工的现象越来越普遍,引发了学者们的广泛关注。基于年轻领导对年长员工领导有效性的文献梳理,厘清了年龄和年轻领导-年长员工年龄差异性的具体内涵,界定了领导-下属对偶关系;阐释了年轻领导-年长员工年龄差异从无方向性到有方向性的研究现状;提炼现有研究成果构建了整合研究框架,试图全面揭示年轻领导对年长员工领导有效性的影响效应及其作用机制。最后,在剖析现有研究不足的基础上,有针对性地指出了未来研究方向。     

The Psychological Predictors of Older Preretirees’ Financial Self-Efficacy

Financial self-efficacy (FSE) is a psychological trait that has significant influence over a wide array of financial behavior—from credit market participation to saving and investing behavior. Research has provided consistent evidence that suggests higher FSE supports prudent and growth-oriented financial behavior across a variety of samples. For older adults, FSE has been shown to be weak and susceptible to decline, which is concerning because older adults need to save significantly for retirement, with little time to do so. While research has provided some insight into the sociodemographic and economic factors related to FSE (e.g., income), little is understood about the psychological factors that contribute to FSE levels. Consequently, the authors investigate how psychological characteristics shape FSE within a sample of 2,068?U.S. preretirees from the Health and Retirement Study. Results revealed that FSE can be supported through frequent positive affect, reduced negative affect, stronger mastery beliefs, and a higher task orientation. With this knowledge, financial professionals can more effectively help support older preretirees’ FSE and ultimately, their ability to prepare financially for retirement.     

我国城市老年人主观经济状况充足感分析

主观经济状况充足度指标是经常被用做分析健康、经济幸福感和心理幸福感等问题的重要自变量之一。以中国老龄科研中心2006年"中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查"的城市数据为例,对全国16个省、市、自治区和直辖市的64个城市8018例60周岁及以上老年人相关数据进行分层多元回归分析。与国外研究相比,相同的结论包括老年人年龄越大、客观收入越多、健康状况越好、离退休及仍在工作的城市老人越愿意认为自己的主观经济状况是充足的;不尽一致的结论表现在老年女性、教育程度越高、已婚以及不与子女共同居住的城市老人越愿意认为自己的经济状况是充足的。在此基础上,分别从老年学理论和政策实践方面提出相关对策建议。     

Congregate meal sites participants: Can they manage their diets?

Many individuals attending congregate meal sites have chronic conditions that can be impacted by their diet. This study found that congregate meal site participants visit meal sites primarily for social purposes but consume meals while they satisfy their social agenda. Also, individuals that suffer from diabetes, cancer, and heart disease were not aware of what foods were beneficial in prevention and/or maintenance. Specifically, individuals with diabetes, cancer, and heart disease were not able to determine any better than those without those conditions which food types were recommended by nutrition experts, nor which food types were more beneficial in the maintenance or prevention of their conditions.     

Seniors’ unmet mobility needs – how important is a driving licence?

Previous studies have come to different conclusions regarding how important a driving licence is for seniors to fulfil their mobility needs. We investigated this question based on three groups of Danish seniors: persons who were licensed as drivers (“drivers”); persons who have never been licensed drivers (“never-drivers”); and persons who recently gave up their licence (“ex-drivers”). Data were collected via standardised telephone interviews in 2012 among 863 individuals born in 1939/40. The three groups differed significantly in socio-demographics and health; never-drivers had the least resources, and ex-drivers the poorest health. Moreover, the two unlicensed groups had more unmet mobility needs than drivers. In ordinal regression models, both never having had a licence and having given up a licence significantly affected unmet mobility needs. Among the background variables, which were successively added to the models, health variables were most relevant, while socio-demographics and infrastructure played a minor role. When entering the health variables to the models, the effect of giving up a licence decreased but remained significant for unmet leisure needs, while it became insignificant for unmet shopping needs. The effect of never having had a licence was hardly affected by the inclusion of control variables. The results emphasise the importance of a driving licence in fulfilling seniors’ mobility needs. Contrary to our hypotheses, more experience with, and better access to alternative transport modes cannot sufficiently compensate for mobility problems due to the lack of the option to drive.     

Teens and twenties: cultural and preferences differences in the uses of time in Spain

In this article, we analyse differences in the use of time between teenagers and young adults in Spain, with a focus on differences according to the nationality of individuals. Using the Spanish Time Use Survey for the years 2002/2003 and 2009/2010, we analyse the time devoted to the different time use categories by both teenagers and young adults. We find differences in time allocation decisions between the two groups, which also depend on the nationality of the respondents, pointing to cultural differences as a factor affecting time allocation decisions.