Application-layer design patterns for accountable–anonymous online identities

Both anonymity and accountability play important roles in sustaining the Internet's functionality; however, there is a common misconception that increasing the anonymity of Internet identities requires diminishing their accountability, and vice versa. This paper argues that by implementing accountability mechanisms and anonymity protections at the application layer of the Internet, rather than the network layer, it is possible to develop a variety of different types of accountable–anonymous virtual identities, tailored to meet the needs of numerous, diverse online applications. Examples are drawn from several identity mechanisms used by existing applications and general design patterns for implementing accountability are discussed, with particular emphasis on designing identity investment–privilege trade-offs, conditional anonymity schemes, and aggregated, identity management systems, as well as the role of scoped identities and linked identities in promoting online accountability.     

矿用隔爆兼本质安全型动力中心的研究应用

介绍了矿用隔爆兼本质安全型动力中心的结构、特点、保护性能,具有很好的应用发展前景和可观的经济效益,是适时满足煤矿井下生产要求的一种理想配电设备。     

The relationship between risk control imperative and perceived causation: the case of product counterfeiting in China

The counterfeiting of safety critical products such as pharmaceuticals is a significant risk to public safety, but the literature suggests that much of the causation of counterfeiting is endogenous: the decisions of legitimate producers and consumers facilitate or incentivize the manufacture of counterfeits. This study examined what effect the perceived causation of counterfeiting risk (both the causes of counterfeiting, and the consequences caused by counterfeiting) had on the risk control imperative: the belief that more resources should be allocated to controlling this risk. This involved a questionnaire survey of individuals in China, asking them to respond to the risks arising from the counterfeiting of specific safety-critical product types. The study found that although some causes of counterfeiting were emphasized much more strongly than others (notably the failure of the authorities, profiteering among legitimate producers and the presence of criminal organizations), the less emphasized causes were still judged as being relevant. The study found that the association between the risk control imperative and both the perceived scale of risk and its causal origins varied across different product types. In one case, the scale of risk was virtually unrelated to control imperative, but in all cases, at least one of the causal factors, and at least one of the consequential factors, explained variation in control imperative. A qualitative comparative analysis also indicated specifically that control imperative was lower if an actor who was strongly implicated in the cause of the risks was also a bearer of the risks.     

Online learning of time-varying stochastic factor structure by variational sequential Bayesian factor analysis

Investment tasks include forecasting volatilities and correlations of assets and portfolios. One of the tools widely utilized is stochastic factor analysis on a set of correlated time-series (e.g. asset returns). Published time-series factor models require either sufficiently wide time windows of observed data or numeric solutions by simulations. We developed a ‘variational sequential Bayesian factor analysis’ (VSBFA) algorithm to make online learning of time-varying stochastic factor structure. The VSBFA is an analytic filter to estimate unknown factor scores, factor loadings and residual variances. The covariance matrix of the time-series predicted by the VSBFA can be decomposed into loadings-based covariance and specific variances, and the former can be expressed by ‘explanatory factors’ such as systematic components of various financial market indices. We compared the VSBFA with the most practiced factor model relying on wide data windows, the rolling PCA (principal components analysis), by applying them to 9-year daily returns of 200 simulated stocks with the ‘true’ daily data-generating model completely known, and by using them to forecast volatilities of long-only and long/short global stock portfolios with 25-year monthly returns of more than 800 stocks worldwide. Accuracy of the forecast covariance matrices is measured by a (symmetrized) Kullback–Leibler distance, and accuracy of the forecast portfolio volatilities is measured by bias statistic, log-likelihood, Q-statistic, and portfolio volatility minimization. The factor-based covariance and specific variances predicted by the best VSBFA are significantly more accurate than those by the best rolling PCA.     

Dynamic adjustment of container stacking policy in an automated container terminal

The decision for good stacking positions for incoming containers in an automated container terminal is an important operational problem because it affects the productivity not only for stacking but also for later retrieval. This paper proposes an online search algorithm which dynamically adjusts and optimizes a stacking policy by continuously generating variants of stacking policies and evaluating them while they are actually being applied for determining the stacking positions. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm is effective in enhancing the operational productivity, while other offline optimization methods are computationally infeasible to be applied to this problem.     

关于设计院质量管理的一点思考

论述了设计院质量管理的主要控制环节,通过对培养质量意识,做好设计输入、设计评审、产品校审和确认等质量管理工作,提高产品质量,供设计企业的同行参考借鉴。     

The Two Key Principles Behind Effective TQM Programs

We analyse Total Quality Management (TQM) from an economic and organisational perspective. We find that TQM is a new organising technology that is science-based, non-hierarchical and non-market-oriented. It improves productivity by encouraging the use of science in decision-making and discouraging counter-productive defensive behaviour. It also encourages effective creation and use of specific knowledge throughout the organisation. Effective implementation of TQM generally requires major changes in all three components of the organisational rules of the game, namely systems for allocating decision rights, performance measurement systems, and reward and punishment systems.     

Balancing exploration and exploitation capabilities in high technology firms: A multi-source multi-context examination

Based on the dynamic capability view, this study examined the balance between exploration and exploitation capability. With this, we proposed a framework that synthesizes the impact of new product creativity and marketing program creativity on new product quality (internal product quality and external product quality), and further understanding the path to performance of new products in a select number of industrial and consumer products. The main findings revealed that the effect of new product creativity in consumer product firms through internal and external product quality was less dominant than those in industrial product firms. In contrast, the effect of marketing program creativity in industrial product firms through only external product quality was less dominant than those in consumer product firms. Additionally, this paper also discusses the research limitations, future research directions, and theoretical and practical implications.     

服务质量管理模式与我国旅游企业质量管理创新探讨

结合对产品生产模式、顾客满意程度模式、相互交往模式、以顾客为中心的模式等服务质量管理模式的分析,提出一个旅游质量管理的＂多维＂创新框架,为我国旅游质量管理体制改革和机制创新提供参考。     

商业银行理财产品收益的实证研究

商业商业银行理财产品收益可分为预期收益率、实际收益率。实现超额收益产品多投资于债券和货币市场,未实现预期收益产品多挂钩利率、汇率、商品期货;非保本产品、短期理财产品是理财产品发行主力;外币产品境遇不乐观。商业银行能够较准确地预测固定存款利率、理财期限、发行银行信用、是否保本、是否外币投资对理财产品收益率的影响:固定存款利率、理财期限与预期收益率、实际收益率均正相关;低发行银行信用的预期收益率、实际收益率均高于高发行银行信用;不保本的预期收益率、实际收益率均高于保本产品;外汇投资的预期收益率、实际收益率均低于人民币投资;但不能准确预测投资标的、收益是否固定、银行能否提前终止对理财产品收益率的影响。