军转民活动与军工企业成长：来自十大军工集团A股上市公司的证据

基于开放式创新理论,将军工企业军转民活动区分为内向型、外向型和耦合型3种模式,构建不同模式军转民活动影响军工企业成长及市场化进程情境作用的整合模型。选取2007-2019年十大军工集团旗下A股上市公司为样本进行实证研究,结果表明：①内向型军转民活动有利于军工企业成长,而外向型、耦合型军转民活动均对军工企业成长无显著直接影响;②考虑中国经济转型期的制度环境,市场化水平越高,内向型军转民活动对军工企业成长的促进作用越强,而只有在市场化水平较高情况下,外向型和耦合型军转民活动才有利于军工企业成长。研究结论有助于拓展军民融合理论研究,为军工企业有效开展军转民活动提供理论参考,也对政府加快推动市场化进程具有重要启示。     

Transnational Depoliticisation and Industrial Policy: The European Commission and French Steel (1980–1984)

ABSTRACT

Following the 2008 financial crash, voices have called governments to re-embrace industrial policy and promote industrial development. Such calls presuppose that the past decades witnessed a relative retreat of activist industrial policies. Within international political economy the latter is explained by the limits posed by the structure of global economic governance and globalisation on the state’s interventionist capacities. This article argues that these constraints have enabled states to pursue the transnational depoliticisation of industrial policy and transfer decision-making responsibilities to spheres lying beyond the governmental arena such as transnational institutions. By appealing to supranational economic rules, governments can disclose their own preferences for certain industrial policies and resist pressures to assist declining activities. To substantiate these claims the article proposes an archival investigation of the French government’s management of the steel industry between 1980 and 1984 and its support for a European Commission-led management of restructuring. The findings suggest that the pressures of the Commission played a crucial role in strengthening the government’s effort to implement socially unpopular but economically vital industrial choices.     

开放式创新平台中共同发明问题研究

当前,针对开放式创新平台的研究主要集中在市场战略和模型构建等领域,但很少从知识产权角度研究平台中合作研发产生的共同发明的权利归属、分配和行使等问题。事实上,解决好平台中知识产权（专利和商业秘密等）共有问题,将直接决定平台用户间开放式创新的最终成效,从而影响整个平台的运营。以提升共同发明的法律确定性与透明度为评判标准,现阶段国内外相关立法（包括国际条约）都存在一定缺陷,必要时须在知识产权法和合同之间作出选择。因此,在“大众创业、万众创新”背景下,在平台用户、平台商和政府多方合作下综合规制共同发明,也许是一条出路。     

基于资源约束的产业集成系统

随着工业化进程的深入,现有资源已难以承载产业发展的规模和速度。产业系统作为一个开放的复杂巨系统,有必要采取集成的方法来突破资源的束缚。在产业协同发展的过程中,如何实现产业内部各组成部分的物质、能量、信息的管理、交流和共享,已成为亟须解决的问题。本文提出采取产业集成化发展战略,遵循系统分析原则,构建多层次的产业集成系统框架,结合可持续发展理论,针对产业集成化的实现提出相应的策略建议。     

Organisational modes for Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: An exploratory analysis

This paper investigates the adoption of Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry, studying through which organisational modes it is put into practice and how these modes are interwoven with the different phases of drug discovery and development process. Two rounds of interviews with industry experts were carried out to develop a model describing the adoption of Open Innovation by bio-pharmaceutical companies. This framework was then applied to an extensive and longitudinal empirical basis, which includes data about the adoption of Open Innovation by the top 20 worldwide industry players, in the time period 2000-2007. The paper provides a thorough discussion of how bio-pharmaceutical firms have used different organisational modes (i.e. licensing agreements, non-equity alliance, purchase and supply of technical and scientific services) to enter into relationship with different types of partners (i.e. large pharmaceutical companies, product biotech firms, platform biotech firms and universities) with the aim to acquire (Inbound Open Innovation) or commercially exploit (Outbound Open Innovation) technologies and knowledge. The implications of the study for Open Innovation research and possible avenues for future investigation are discussed at length in the paper.     

Mining external R&D

Open Innovation presses the case for timely and thorough intelligence concerning research and development activities conducted outside one’s organization. To take advantage of this wealth of R&D, one needs to establish a systematic “tech mining” process. We propose a 5-stage framework that extends literature review into research profiling and pattern recognition to answer posed technology management questions. Ultimately one can even discover new knowledge by screening research databases.Once one determines the value in mining external R&D, tough issues remain to be overcome. Technology management has developed a culture that relies more on intuition than on evidence. Changing that culture and implementing effective technical intelligence capabilities is worth the effort. P&G's reported gains in innovation call attention to the huge payoff potential.     

协同创新网络演进研究——以腾讯开放平台为例

本文通过对腾讯开放平台的分析,发现腾讯开放平台协同模式的演进可以分为四个阶段：萌芽期、初创期、发展期以及成熟期。在这一过程中,平台的结构和关注点不断改变,开放性逐步增强,网络规模不断扩大,平台内参与者之间的联系日益紧密,平台地位逐渐转变。同时,平台的价值生成机制与利益分配机制也在不断演化。在保证基础服务支持的前提下,腾讯开放平台采取措施增强参与者的互信互助、提高平台内知识的创新性与多样性、促进新产品的持续推出以及产业化。在演化过程中,利益分配向开发者倾斜。腾讯开放平台的运行及发展模式对其他协同创新组织的结构和机制设计有重要的参考价值。     

普适性信任、知识共享宽度与企业开放式创新绩效

在共享经济与知识经济环境下,开放式创新成为企业组织谋求可持续发展的竞争着力点。从普适性信任出发,引入知识共享宽度作为中介变量,构建企业开放式创新绩效形成路径分析框架。以421份调查问卷数据为支撑,采用结构方程模型方法,开展实证分析。研究发现：内部普适性信任作用于内部知识共享宽度,并对内向型和外向型开放式创新绩效产生显著正向影响;外部普适性信任作用于外部知识共享宽度,也对内向型和外向型开放式创新绩效产生显著正向影响;知识共享宽度的中介效应显著,网络嵌入性显著调节普适性信任对知识共享宽度的作用,而编码能力和吸收能力显著调节知识共享宽度对开放式创新绩效的作用。     

院校实验室科学管理思考

增强科学研究能力是当前实验室建设的主要任务。如何完成好这一任务、做好实验室的管理工作,是当前院校值得探讨的问题。从更新教育观念、健全规章制度、优化队伍结构、实行开放管理、营造和谐氛围5个方面,提出了提高院校实验室科学管理水平的对策。     

北京城市公园的等级结构及其布局研究

通过选取规模、形式、服务设施数量、交通便捷度、开放时间和门票价格等指标,从利用的角度时北京城市公园等级进行分类并探讨其特征.然后,重点研究了北京不同类型城市公园的空间布局特征及其影响因素,发现:北京公园的空间分布形态主要呈现局部集中、整体分散的特征;不同类型的公园布局体现了城市休闲活动的多中心空间结构特征;游园的空间布局与中心地结构具有一定的相似性.经济和人口因素对公园布局起到决定性的作用,尤其是人口密度和人口老龄化程度,与公园分布具有显著的线性正相关关系.