Which factors hinder the adoption of open innovation in SMEs?

The literature on open innovation (OI) is characterised by studies based both on large companies and small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Among all, one of the less explored issues in SMEs is what impedes them to adopt OI. Thus, this paper has the threefold objective to identify which factors hinder the adoption of OI in SMEs, to investigate if different behaviours exist among SMEs in relation to these factors, and to understand if the same factors effectively influence the level of adoption of OI. Based on a survey on 157 Italian SMEs, we identified four main barriers (namely, ‘knowledge’, ‘collaboration’, ‘organisational’, and ‘financial and strategic’) and three profiles of firms, different in terms of innovativeness of the industries they belong to (knowledge intensive, medium-innovative, and less innovative) and hampering factors perceived (‘knowledge’, ‘financial and strategic’, and ‘collaboration’ and ‘organisational’ barriers). Moreover, we found that some of these factors effectively impede the adoption of the paradigm.     

欧盟海关同盟战略及其执行评析

摘要：海关同盟是欧盟的三大支柱之一，也是欧盟单一市场的基石。因此，欧盟一直通过其海关同盟战略及其各类实施工具来强化有效、高效、统一、协调的海关联盟。在三十年的海关同盟演进过程中，欧盟海关同盟战略都是承接并贡献于欧盟总体经济规划目标。在其三项海关同盟战略之间以及海关同盟战略与海关行动计划之间存在着延续与发展的关系。为了实现欧盟海关战略目标，欧盟采取了软硬结合的开放协调机制以实施其战略。     

创业导向对创新绩效的影响:顾客授权与开放式创新视角

开放经济下企业往往利用开放式创新范式进行技术创新。从开放式理论视角探讨创业导向对创新绩效的作用机制,重点探讨顾客授权的调节作用。以开放式创新为中介变量,以顾客授权为调节变量,构建一个被调节的中介作用模型。采用259家制造业企业的调查问卷数据检验研究假设,结果表明:开放式创新部分中介了创业导向与创新绩效间关系,顾客授权正向调节创业导向与开放式创新间关系以及开放式创新与创新绩效间关系,顾客授权与创新绩效呈正相关关系。最后,提出了管理建议和未来研究方向。     

The role of openness in the fuzzy front-end of service innovation

The early stages of innovation involve high levels of uncertainty, leading to it being labelled as the “fuzzy-front end” (FFE). Although openness has been identified as pivotal to innovation performance in the open innovation literature, little effort has been put into exploring its role in the FFE. Specifically, this study examines ‘openness competence’ within the FFE–i.e., the ability of a FFE team to explore, gather and assimilate operant resources from external sources by means of external searches and inter-organisational partnerships. The aim is to investigate the impact of openness competence on front-end uncertainty reduction and service innovation success. Data were obtained from a survey of 122 IT-based service innovation projects implemented by IT service provider firms in Thailand. The results suggest that openness competence positively influences both the degree of uncertainty being reduced during the FFE and the overall success of service innovations. These findings offer several implications for research on open innovation and the FFE as well as encouragement to managers to apply a more open approach to the FFE of their service innovation projects.     

The Organizational Innovation System: A systemic framework for radical innovation at the organizational level

Most research on innovation management at the organizational level has typically been focused on one specific innovation project phase or innovation management concept. This has resulted in many valuable insights, though scattered in different (innovation) research fields and studies. With the development of the Organizational Innovation System (OIS), we bring together important insights from the Innovation Systems, Open Innovation and other related fields into a guiding concept useful for both innovation managers developing (radical) innovations and innovation scholars. In this paper, we define the OIS and its key structural components, and discuss the identified functions and categories of potential imperfections. With the OIS, we provide a holistic, hands-on concept currently lacking in the open innovation approach. From the conceptualization, a framework for analysis is put forward which provides structure to the study of ongoing and finished innovation processes. Additionally, the development of the OIS is a first step in the development of a currently underdeveloped micro-level within the innovation systems perspective. The insights in OISs and the future insights derived from analytical efforts, will not only be beneficial for the performance of innovating organizations and organizational innovation systems but also for the performance of the higher, interconnected system levels.     

开放式创新驱动制造业绿色转型了吗——一个有调节的中介效应模型

“双碳”目标和能源转型战略背景下,能否以及如何通过开放式创新驱动制造业绿色转型意义重大。根据2013—2020年中国内地30个省份面板数据,构建有调节的中介效应双向固定效应模型,探究开放式创新对制造业绿色转型绩效的影响效果及实现路径。结果表明,开放式创新通过提升技术研发能力、优化能源消费结构显著影响并提升制造业绿色转型绩效,其作用效果受到市场结构调节。异质性分析发现,双向开放式创新对制造业绿色转型绩效的作用存在差异,内向型开放式创新的驱动作用强于外向型开放式创新。研究可为中国制造业扩大创新优势、加速绿色转型提供政策参考与经验借鉴。     

基于过程管理视角的开放式创新关系治理研究

开放式创新集价值创造与价值获取于一体,对于促进合作研发与创新成果转化具有积极作用。但是,创新主体间目标分歧、利益冲突等关系治理问题影响创新绩效与商业化成败,已成为制约开放式创新实践的主要障碍。基于“知识搜索→知识整合→商业化”的过程管理视角,考察了开放式创新关系治理问题的表现与产生机理,发现解决关系治理问题的关键是维护价值创造与价值获取间动态均衡,提出了以信任及关系规范为主体的关系治理机制理论框架,并从合作关系的内在规则与外在行为两个方面论证了关系治理机制的作用效果。     

开放式社区交通微循环体系规划与运营

针对开放式社区成为城市交通的"贫民窟"问题,济南市交警率先开展了开放式社区交通微循环体系的规划与运营。交通微循环体系规划和管理并重,规划角度从打通支路网、渠化主要交叉口、加快停车设施建设、加强公建交通管理、慢行交通优先方面规范行车、停车秩序;管理角度从健全管理机制、构建长效机制、划拨专项资金、广纳社会建议方面体现属地管理理念。深刻剖析实践案例、实施步骤及具体问题的解决措施,确保规划与管理有效衔接。结果表明,开放式社区交通微循环投资省、周期短、见效快,社会反映好,极具推广价值。     

开放式创新对节能环保企业创新绩效的影响

节能环保企业是节能环保技术创新的重要主体,通过构建理论模型,以上海89家企业数据为基础,就开放式创新对节能环保企业创新绩效的影响进行实证分析。研究发现,节能环保企业对开放式创新具有较强的依赖性,但开放式创新对节能环保企业创新同时具有促进效应和替代效应,外部知识互动提升了节能环保企业创新绩效,也可能导致外部技术依赖;开放式创新在技术开发和创新成果转化上的影响存在差异,节能环保企业应结合不同创新阶段和企业自身特征有效开展外部创新合作;开放式创新需建立在企业内部创新投入的基础之上,节能环保企业应重视内部创新投入与外部技术消化吸收,实现内外部创新要素叠加。     

MOOCs in tourism and hospitality: a review

ABSTRACT

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have grown significantly and globally in less than ten years. However, practices and research in tourism and hospitality MOOCs remain nascent. This study proposes the MOOC Components Framework with six groups of course components: scaffolding, lectures, networking, collaboration, assessment, and affirmation. Drawing on this framework and a case study method, the study analyses 18 tourism and hospitality MOOCs from higher education institutions. The results highlight that: tourism and hospitality MOOC offerings lack diversity; the forum is the preferred communication tool; social media are comparatively underused; the discontinuity of MOOC instructors needs attention; and finally, littless multilingual support is available.