The power of video to trigger innovation: rice processing in central Benin

Participatory plant breeding began in developing countries and now some European farmers and scientists are proposing its suitability in contributing to sustainable agriculture. This paper uses both genetics and sociology to determine the conditions required. A review of the sustainability of projects implemented in developing countries initiated discussion of an organic durum wheat participatory breeding programme, which is currently being implemented in the south of France. The analysis highlighted the need for the critical participation of experts from different horizons in a socio-technical network. Multi-level interactions and cross-linked learning processes about breeding methods and sociological concepts are needed for effective communication between different stakeholders and scientific disciplines. This approach enables implementation of a range of different action systems in which the production of relevant knowledge and rules addresses the issue of the sustainable development of diverse agro-food systems, rather than the generalization of one model.     

Price relationships between qualitatively differentiated agricultural products: organic and conventional wheat in Germany

Organic agriculture, which produces commodities that can be qualitatively differentiated from conventional food products, has grown into an important market in many countries. The dynamics of commodity prices in both sectors are partly interdependent, but are also shaped by independent determinants and have rarely been studied. We analyze organic food markets and their interdependencies with conventional markets in the context of wheat markets in Germany, which have been subject to a number of fundamental changes during the last two decades. Based on institutional market characteristics, we suggest a flexible Markov‐switching asymmetric time series model. We find a pronounced temporal sequence of market phases that differ in their asymmetric dynamics and the extent to which the organic price is influenced by the conventional price. Organic wheat prices tend to be increasingly connected to prices of conventional wheat.     

对打造中国最北高寒生态农业之乡的战略构想的思考

探讨了把呼玛县打造成中国最北高寒生态农业之乡的战略构想,认为得天独厚的地理位置、气候,丰富的资源、独特的环境奠定了打造生态农业的基础条件,也是整合资源优势,在更大范围内提高呼玛知名度,创建县域经济特色品牌的基础。呼玛县小麦、大豆种植技术已经成熟,农机具保有量高,为大规模作业、建设生态农业之乡奠定了基础。把生态农业作为一种新型产业作为建设呼玛新农村的一个立足点提出来,是充分利用自身优势和国家建设社会主义新农村的优惠政策,高起点谋划,细致运作,实现呼玛县农业生产的历史性跨越。     

QuEChERS结合液相色谱-串联质谱联用法同时测定植物源性食品中多种双酰胺类农药残留

利用QuEChERS技术结合液相色谱-串联质谱联用法建立同时测定植物源性食品中6种双酰胺类农药残留的方法.样品采用乙腈作为提取剂,在缓冲盐环境下经振荡提取,C18、PSA和GCB净化,样液过膜后经C18柱分离,在电喷雾离子源、正离子扫描模式下多反应监测方式检测,基质配标,外标法定量.6种双酰胺类农药残留在0.1～150...     

On The Notion of Organic Holism in Aristotle＇s Poetics

The theories in Aristotle＇s Poetics are the earliest and the basis of western principal aesthetic notions. This article generally analyzed a very important aesthetic thinking of Aristotle in this work --the notion of organic holism. The significance of this notion to literary theories is also included.     

Citation network analysis of organic LEDs

The field of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is an emergent research domain because of both scientific interest in chemistry and condensed matter physics and industrial importance as flat panel displays. In this paper, we analyzed a citation network of OLED papers and used a topological clustering method to investigate the structure of research and to detect emerging research domains. We found that most papers belong to two main clusters: organics and polymers. These two clusters have distinctive differences in subcluster structures and journals where papers are published. Supposing this discrepancy to indicate research progress, organics are in the applied research stage, while polymers are in the basic research stage.     

诱致性变迁中的制度供给滞后及其解决:以中国金融综合化转型为样本

作为诱致性制度变迁的金融综合化转型未能完成由普遍性市场行为到强行性规则体系的程式转换,肇因于分业监管体制下的行政监管者和金融企业基于有限理性的成本—收益考量。在既得利益已达到满意标准的情况下,双方均缺乏推动制度供给的动力,从而形成自生性滞后的默契僵局,酝酿了严重的市场稳定性风险。鉴于次贷危机的教训和美国《蓝皮书》的改革思路,综合化转型的市场稳定性风险应该由回归监管角色的央行负责,并由其主导金融控股公司立法进程,最终实现分业监管体制的整合。     

Consumer willingness to pay for redundant food labels

Previous studies, as well as market sales data, show some consumers are willing to pay a premium for redundant or superfluous food labels that carry no additional information for the informed consumer. Some advocacy groups have argued that the use of such redundant labels is misleading or unethical. To determine whether premiums for redundant labels stem from misunderstanding or other factors, this study seeks to determine whether greater knowledge of the claims - in the form of expertise in food production and scientific literacy - decreases willingness to pay for redundant labels. We also explore whether de-biasing information influences consumers’ valuations of redundant labels. An online survey of 1122 U.S. consumers elicited preferences for three redundantly labeled products: non-GMO sea salt, gluten-free orange juice, and no-hormone-added chicken breast. Respondents with farm experience report lower premiums for non-GMO salt and no-hormone-added chicken. Those with higher scientific literacy state lower premiums for gluten-free orange juice. However, after providing information about the redundancy of the claims, less than half of respondents who were initially willing to pay extra for the label are convinced otherwise. Over 30% of respondents counter-intuitively increase their premiums, behavior that is associated with less a priori scientific knowledge. The likelihood of “overpricing” redundant labels is associated with willingness-to-pay premiums for organic food, suggesting at least some of the premium for organic is a result of misinformation.     

Nutrition,agriculture and the global food system in low and middle income countries

The entire food value chain and diet of low and middle income countries (LMICs) are rapidly shifting. Many of the issues addressed by the nutrition community ignore some of the major underlying shifts in purchases of consumer packaged foods and beverages. At the same time, the drivers of the food system at the farm level might be changing. There is a need for the agriculture and nutrition communities to understand these changes and focus on some of their implications for health. This rapid growth of the retail sector will change the diets of the food insecure as much as that of the food secure across rural and urban LMIC’s. This short commentary contents that current research, programs and policies are ignoring these rapid dynamic shifts.     

Standardized food governance? Reflections on the potential and limitations of chemical-free shrimp

Multilayered conformity-assessment systems (MCASs) are becoming an increasingly prominent governance mechanism in food and agriculture. MCASs maintain their legitimacy through the use of scientific norms and practices, as well as multiple tiers of oversight. The purported outcome is standardized conformity-assessment practices, and thus, standardized food and production practices regardless of location or producer. This article examines the ability of MCASs to enforce one form of zero tolerance standards: organics (i.e., zero-synthetic chemicals). The focus is on the governance of organic standards in the rural Indonesia, where the idea of zero tolerance is historically foreign. Drawing on a case study of an organic shrimp project in Indonesia, the ways that the social, economic, and cultural conditions of the global South affect the operations of a MCAS and the capacity of the MCAS to adapt to such conditions are examined. My findings raise questions as to the capability of MCASs to ensure standardized food governance globally.