Testing the conflict-performance assumption in business-to-business relationships

There is little empirical research published testing the interdependency between conflict in business-to-business relationships and commercial performance. The “conflict-performance assumption”—all other factors being equal, relationships where conflict is low will outperform relationships where conflict levels are higher—remains central in the marketing channels' literature despite insufficient and contradictory empirical evidence. There are several explanations for the lack of a clear relationship between conflict and performance. Rosenbloom [J. Mark. 37 (1973) 26] theorises that the relationship between conflict and channel performance follows an inverted U-shaped curve, where conflict is most productive at moderate levels and least productive at very low or high levels. Others have argued for a simpler, linear relationship between conflict and performance, usually negative in nature. Various theories about the conflict-performance relationship are empirically tested in a large marketing channel, using a number of dyadic and monadic measures of conflict (latent, perceived, and affective) and two objective measures of performance (effectiveness and efficiency). A linear model (performance declining as conflict increases) is adequate to explain the relationship between dyadic measures of both perceived and affective conflict and channel effectiveness. A threshold model is found to be superior to a linear model in explaining the relationship between dyadic measures of perceived and affective conflict and efficiency. Conflict increases slowly as efficiency falls until a threshold is reached when conflict escalates. Practical implications include that companies need to consider whether performance criteria affecting efficiency are as important to their business partners as those affecting effectiveness. If they are not, then business partners should be rewarded for meeting any such criteria that are more important to the one side of a relationship dyad than to the other.     

高管层内部的级差报酬研究

本文通过对我国上市公司2004年度数据的实证研究发现, (1)随着高成长公司竞争者人数的增加、公司所处地区发达程度的提高和公司规模的扩大,公司高管层级差报酬会随之增加;随着低成长公司竞争者人数的增加和公司所处地区发达程度的提高,公司高管层级差报酬会随之增加。(2)高成长公司和低成长公司在赋予高管层级差报酬影响因素的权重上没有显著差别。(3)高成长公司的高管层级差报酬与公司市场业绩之间存在正相关关系,低成长公司的高管层级差报酬与公司每股收益指标之间存在正相关关系;竞赛理论在我国上市公司中成立。     

效益审计标准的选择和确定--以某单位国家建设项目设备效益审计为案例研究

在效益审计中,选择和确定合适的审计(评价)标准是非常重要的环节。它是保证效益审计质量的一个必要条件,也是审计人员提出审计意见、做出恰当审计结论的基本依据。本文以某单位国家建设项目设备效益审计作为案例,结合《世界审计组织效益审计指南》,对审计标准问题进行了分析和探讨。最后,就我国政府审计机关在效益审计中如何选择和确定“合适的”审计标准提出几条建议,以期抛砖引玉。     

论中国政府预算管理改革的优先序--兼议绩效预算在中国的适用性

绩效预算是西方国家实践证明了的先进的预算管理模式。但绩效预算的实行需要社会相关制度环境的配套。中国目前尚不具备实施绩效预算的基本条件。中国预算制度改革的当务之急是建立控制取向的预算管理模式,解决财务合规性问题。待相关条件具备后,再选择绩效预算管理模式。     

The contingent value of marketing strategy innovativeness for product development performance in Chinese new technology ventures

This study extends research on entrepreneurial behavior by investigating the relationship between the marketing strategy innovativeness (MSI) and new product performance in technology-based new ventures in China. Specifically, premised on contingent resource-based view we argue that MSI is a firm capability that must be bundled with external managerial relationships and be deployed in the appropriate environment to ensure its success. We found that the team's extra industry relationships and market dynamism enhanced the impact of MSI on new product performance. In contrast, top management team's intraindustry relationships, financial relationships, and technology dynamism hindered the impact of MSI on new product performance.     

Anxiety of dependency in international joint ventures? An empirical study of drivers and consequences of relationship insecurity

This research introduces and delineates the concept of insecurity in IJV relationships. We define relationship insecurity as a parent firm's concerns about the continuance of the alliance arrangement and its partner's future provision of need satisfaction. According to interdependence theory, exchange partners that experience high dependence inevitably experience this ‘anxiety of dependency’, and the emergence of insecurity can destabilize the working relationship from within. We develop a conceptual model of the drivers and consequences of relationship insecurity in IJVs. Our survey results from 125 IJVs indicate that focal firm dependence and partner firm dependence both negatively affect insecurity, though the former is the dominant predictor. This surprising finding implies IJV partners experience ‘anxiety of low dependency’. The results suggest insecurity not only reduces directly IJV performance, but also lowers the quality of interpartner communication, which in turn dampens performance. Implications of these results are discussed.     

基于风险的银行绩效评价方法

随着全球经济一体化程度的加深,银行之间的竞争日趋激烈.如何做好银行的绩效评价工作直接关系到银行未来的发展.传统的银行绩效评价工作多数侧重于静态的财务指标分析,这种分析方法最大的缺点在于无法对银行面对的瞬息万变的金融市场的风险情况及银行未来发展能力进行有效的预测及评价.RAROC绩效评价法是对传统银行绩效评价方法的改进.这种方法将风险带来的未来可预计损失量化为当期成本,直接对当期盈利进行调整,衡量经风险调整后的收益大小,并考虑为可能的最大风险做出资本储备.该方法将银行的收益与银行所承担的风险相结合考核银行的经营效绩,缩小了管理者与出资人之间的目标差距,对改进我国商业银行的绩效评价方法具有积极意义.     

Global sourcing strategy and sustainable competitive advantage

Global sourcing strategy has been one of the most hotly debated management trends in the last 20 years. In its early years, global sourcing was examined mostly from “in-house” development and procurement perspectives; and in the last several years, research focus has shifted to “outsourcing” activities. Along with this shift from internal to external focus on global sourcing, many researchers and business practitioners have applied a core competency argument to justify increased levels of outsourcing activities on a global basis. Although the beneficial aspects of outsourcing are assumed in most cases, no consensus exists in reality as to the effect of outsourcing. Furthermore, the increased instability of the exchange rate environment in the last several years has also led to increased difficulties in managing globally scattered operations that were once fashionable in the 1980s-90s under the rubric of global strategy. In this article, the authors explore potential limitations and negative consequences of outsourcing strategy on a global scale.     

How supply chain architecture and product architecture impact firm performance: An empirical examination

In order to enhance performance, manufacturing firms are building various capabilities and utilizing supply chain networks that are geographically dispersed around the globe. This study examines how decisions related to supply chain architecture and product architecture influence organizational competitiveness. Building on the co-specialization perspective, we evaluate the performance implications of product modularity and supply chain agility. While, product modularity constitutes a product configuration related to sourcing and assembling of products, supply chain agility is a supply chain configuration related to velocity (sensing, comprehending, and responding) and visibility (supplier network, internal operations, and external environment). Both the product and supply chain architectural decisions can impact performance, individually and in conjunction with each other. We empirically test the hypothesized relationships using data collected from 103 manufacturing firms. Results show that supply chain agility and product modularity directly enhance responsiveness and enable organizations to reduce cost. Furthermore, supply chain agility partially mediates the relationship between product modularity and both responsiveness and cost reduction. We elaborate on the key contributions of this study for both research and practice, discuss limitations, and also offer various avenues for further research.     

基于教师专业发展的教师团队关键绩效指标体系研究

大学教师的专业发展影响学校的核心竞争力，也影响着培养学生的整体素质。目前比较有效的专业发展是大学教师的专业团队建设。如果能把团队建设和教师专业发展有效结合，不但会促进青年教师的快速成长，也会对学校的未来规划发展起到至关重要的作用。随着团队建设如火如荼的开展，对建设的成果考核是不容忽视的课题，需要考虑在考核时纳入专业发展的绩效考核体系。文章以关键绩效指标为依据，考虑从未来教师专业发展视角来分析团队建设的优势和不足，为后续政策制定、建设规划提供支持。研究结果设计了能够促进教师专业发展的对团队评估的关键绩效考核指标。