How to trust? The importance of self‐efficacy and social trust in public responses to industrial risks

Although a great deal of research has linked both self‐efficacy and social trust to risk responses, one overlooked question concerns the association between self‐efficacy and institutional trust. The purpose of this study was to investigate the main and combined effects of trust in the self and trust in responsible agencies to affective responses and information sufficiency. Survey respondents in this study were placed into one of four categories based on their levels of self‐efficacy (high/low) and social trust (high/low), including confidence, independence, dependence and insecure groups. Based on survey data (n = 466), the accuracy of the four‐group classification was tested. Indeed, we found that our classification system correlated with responses. Both self‐efficacy and institutional trust were found to contribute to emotional risk responses, as well as risk information needs and preferences for risk information.     

基于城乡消费差异的农民工市民化动态分析

运用VAR脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法,实证考量1978～2010年间消费对农民工市民化的动态影响效应。结果表明:消费对农民工市民化进程具有较大影响力;农民工与城市居民消费差距的缩小对市民化率的增长具有促进作用,正向冲击效应持续时间长且强度大。农民工与城市居民收入差距的变化对农民工市民化率有正负双向冲击,短期对农民工市民化有负向冲击效应,但随着时间的推移,正向效应逐渐显著。鉴于此,关注农民工与城市居民消费差异,扩大农民工消费对中国经济建设和城镇化进程具有重要意义。     

提升我国生产性服务贸易竞争力的实证研究

随着国际分工的深入发展和网络信息技术的更新升级,生产性服务贸易在服务贸易内部的地位稳中有升,在世界经济发展和国际竞争中的地位日益显著,本文从生产性服务贸易竞争力入手,从经济规模、收入水平、外商投资、货物贸易规模、服务业发展水平、服务贸易开放度研究与生产性服务贸易竞争力的关系,通过平稳性检验、回归分析、格兰杰因果检验和脉冲响应函数的分析,得出相关结论并就提升生产性服务贸易提出对策建议。     

The Age of Capital, 1848–1875

Much has been written in the post-World War II era in the United States about the rise of suburbia and development beyond older city boundaries, whether such development has been called urban, suburban, or ex-urban sprawl. Many writers have focused on various issues concerning sprawl, especially on the unintended consequences that new development has had on (among other issues) municipal finances, neighborhood income and residential segregation, and transportation planning. This last one is important since post-World War II development has mostly centered around the automobile in the United States. Over the last decade, a new area in the literature of sprawl has focused on how the "built-environment" of residential areas can impact health. For example, authors have chronicled how sprawled regions have higher auto vehicle accidents per capita, greater obesity rates, worse carbon emissions (due to greater travel by automobile), and delays in emergency medical service responses. This article adds to the latest set of papers on sprawl by empirically estimating the impact of sprawl in metropolitan regions on fire incidents per capita, firefighter response times, as well as property losses, and deaths due to fire. The results of our exploratory analysis indicate that urban sprawl is an important factor in influencing firefighting issues and outcomes in the United States. Moreover, urban sprawl frequently becomes a factor in delayed response to fires which, in turn, could lead to additional deaths and property loss.     

响应面法优化超声波辅助提取银杏叶黄酮类化合物

利用响应面分析法优化超声波辅助提取银杏叶黄酮类化合物的工艺,以液料比、提取温度、超声时间、乙醇浓度为响应因子,以黄酮类化合物的含量为响应值,利用 Box-Behnken 中心组合设计原理和响应面分析法,研究各自变量交互作用对得率的影响,模拟得到二次多项式回归方程的预测模型,确定最佳提取条件为：液料比17．21∶1;乙醇浓度：63．13％;超声时间：35．05 min;提取温度：36．22℃。在此条件下,黄酮提取率为6．64％,与预测的6．86％相比,误差为2．2％,说明通过响应面优化后的实验结果有一定的实验指导意义。     

Assessing gender differences in ‘quick response’ code loyalty promotion acceptance

This study sheds light on quick response (QR) code loyalty promotion in terms of gender. Based on self-construal and gender scheme theories, we posit that the level of both involvement and social anxiety plays a crucial role in the gender effects of loyalty formation for promoted services. A scenario-based study in Japan with 667 consumers is constructed and examines two types of services: bank and supermarket. The findings suggest that, for high involvement (bank), compared with women, males act as competitive gamers who assume greater risk and seek attractive rewards with which to beat corporations, even under high social anxiety conditions. This finding seems consistent with independent self-construal among males. However, there is no significant difference for low involvement (supermarket). The implications are discussed and limitations recognized.     

Customer orientation of frontline employees and organizational commitment

This study investigates the effect of alignment between employee and firm customer orientation (FCO) on the organizational commitment of frontline service employees. Furthermore, the study examines how the size and nature of the discrepancy between employee customer orientation (ECO) and FCO affects organizational commitment. The results suggest that organizational commitment is stronger when employee and FCO are matched than when they are not. Furthermore, organizational commitment is slightly stronger when ECO exceeds FCO than when the reverse is the case. The results suggest that efforts expended by firms in hiring and retaining customer-oriented service workers will be unlikely to yield optimal commitment benefits without simultaneous investments to improve firm-level customer orientation.     

Effects of underdog (vs. top dog) positioning advertising

The study investigates individual differences in attitudes towards brands being positioned as underdogs in advertising from an emotional perspective. We argue that the personality trait of empathic concern moderates the underdog effect on brand attitude and that the moderating effect is mediated by empathic response to the advertisement. We conducted three experiments with ads using top-dog and underdog appeals. Those who have stronger empathic concern showed more favourable attitudes towards the brand advertised through underdog positioning, and the effect of empathic concern was mediated by the empathic response to the underdog positioning advertisement. For managers, targeting consumers who have high levels of empathic concern could result in more favourable attitudes towards underdog businesses when using underdog appeals.     

A Path to a Public–Private Partnership: Commercial Logistics Concepts Applied to Disaster Response

This paper initiates an exploratory investigation with the aim of providing a better understanding of the applicability of several commercial logistics processes to humanitarian logistics. The paper begins with background information, including humanitarian logistics literature and then summarizes current government agencies' and nongovernmental organizations' policies. Stakeholder theory is used to explore the motivations of commercial organizations to participate in humanitarian logistics operations. Next, the adequacy of emergency management policy is evaluated and four commercial logistics frameworks are analyzed for application to immediate disaster response. The analysis includes ratings of the frameworks and open‐ended comments from a sample of logistics experts. Findings provide guidance to the implementation of commercial logistics processes to disaster response efforts.     

Measuring Attribute-Specific and Overall Satisfaction with Destination Experience

Researchers have measured tourist satisfaction at both overall (global) and attribute levels, and found that attribute-specific satisfaction significantly influences overall satisfaction. When satisfaction is operationalized at two levels, the measurement structure presents “specific-general” questions, which may yield psychological effects due to the ordering of questions. This study examined question order effects when measuring attribute and overall satisfaction with destination experience and investigated the role of information satisfaction. Results revealed that information satisfaction is a significant predictor of attribute and overall satisfaction, and overall satisfaction was consistently higher than the average of attribute-specific satisfaction which was asked prior to overall satisfaction. Therefore, it can be inferred that overall emotional satisfaction reflects something more than the aggregated satisfaction level with attributes of destinations.