虱内外燃料油期货市场不完善程度测度和实证检验

论文使用一个包含了价格期望因素以及套利机制不完全性的期货市场不完善程度测度模型，分别对上海和新加坡燃料油期货市场的不完善程度进行了检验。检验结果发现上海燃料油期货市场的不完善程度要比新加坡高很多，可见上海燃料油期货市场有待于进一步完善。最后，论文通过上海与新加坡燃料油期货市场的不同点进行分析，探讨了上海燃料油期货市场不完善程度的可能原因，对实证结果作了进一步解释，并提出了相应的政策建议。     

新冠肺炎疫情对区域经济的影响及应对--以河南省为例

始于2019年12月底的新冠肺炎疫情对我国以及世界其它地区造成了一定冲击,当前不仅要加强疫情防控,更要全面思考疫情对经济社会造成的影响,以期做出客观研判,正确施策,推动经济社会进入正常轨道运转。河南省作为湖北省的近邻,目前新冠肺炎确诊病例居全国第三,是受疫情影响的重灾区,因此也是研究此次疫情影响与应对的样本。本文拟从宏观层面、重点行业和重点领域等多维度分析疫情的影响,进而提出对策建议,以期为恢复社会秩序和经济活力提供参考。     

Monetary policy and financial stability in a banking economy: Transmission mechanism and policy tradeoffs

The 2008 global financial crisis demonstrated that monetary policy and financial stability policy are more highly interrelated than previously thought. This paper analyzes the interactions between these policies using a non-linear overlapping-generations model with financial frictions in the form of banking financial intermediation. The paper embeds negative externalities due to contagion effects in physical investments which creates the need for financial stability policy. We show how the monetary policy transmission mechanism depends on financial stability policy tools as well as on regulatory and institutional constraints.We find policy tradeoffs in trying to accomplish both monetary and financial stability targets. The central bank must take these tradeoffs into account when selecting the tools in its policy toolbox. Another important finding is the interchangeability of price stability and financial stability policy tools.     

Spatial information in European agricultural data management. Requirements and interoperability supported by a domain model

Data compatibility and system interoperability are fundamental for crosswalks and collaboration between domains. The most frequently used references for information sharing are time and location. In order to understand the requirements, fundamental processes, and core information concepts of a domain, a comprehensive, but standardised documentation is needed. In spatial data infrastructures models presented in Unified Modelling Language (UML) are widely used to facilitate the uptake of standards and valorise best practices of various communities.The European agricultural decision makers must deal with many components described in the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) in order to optimize data integration and achieve transparency. Geospatial information plays a key role in the implementation of this policy, which comprises the establishment and maintenance of the Integrated Administration and Control System (IACS).In the past the IACS of the MS has principally served a single high level business case: to run a correct administration of the CAP. However, the recent reform and the synergies with environmental and societal policies create increasing expectations for IACS, which impact upon system interoperability and data usability. These objectives can be achieved by establishing a framework that is standard based, allows flexible extensions, and that supports efficient implementation and information exchange between the stakeholders.This paper presents the development process and describes the structure of a domain model we propose for IACS. This standard driven model was designed to translate requirements into technical elements, ensuring interoperability, and providing flexible extensions at the same time. For this purpose we set-up a formal requirement model, formalized use cases, and integrated ISO/TC 211 and INSPIRE UML based class diagrams. As such, this paper proposes a methodology to help guide how the policy can be implemented.The importance of traceability from IACS and third party business rules to the information concepts was proven by simulation runs. The developed modelling approach yielded a reference for conformance testing, indicated critical points of potential errors, and highlighted the impact of eventual changes. Storing all concepts and implementation options of IACS in a unique framework helps to eliminate redundant efforts, provides a strong basis for developing various applications, underpins interoperability with other domains and enhances transparency of the CAP.     

Self-employment policies and migrants' entrepreneurship in Germany

This paper presents results from a European project on policy and migrants' entrepreneurship in Germany. It develops a concept of biographical policy evaluation by analysing the extent to which the biographical processes that have led to self-employment among migrants in individual cases correspond to those anticipated by policy. The study identifies a biographical structure composed of two phases that shape the status passage to self-employment. During these phases, personal resources are mobilized and/or attempts are made to access policy support. Self-employment policies are fragmented in that they are designed to address specific stages of the process. Migrants are often excluded from policy participation, either as a result of policy failures or through a manner of implementation that is frequently influenced by prejudices and stereotypes. Deprived of class resources and sometimes unable to utilize ethnic resources, migrant would-be entrepreneurs require public support. The ‘bridging allowance’ scheme to encourage self-employment among the unemployed currently in place in Germany (Überbrückungsgeld) could serve as a model for a more adequate support policy for non-privileged business starters that would better allow for the participation of migrants.     

战略重组与调整——农药产业发展之新趋

本文对世界跨国公司间的强强兼并，跨国公司在我国的合资合作动态及代表我国农药工业发展主流的20家上市公司的投资方向等三方面进行了全面分析，详述了农药产业的战略重组与调整的发展趋势。     

Robust rules for industrial policy open economies

The theory of strategic trade policy yields ambiguous recommendations for assistance to exporting firms in oligopolistic industries. However, some writers have suggested that investment subsidies are a more robust recommendation than export subsidies. We show that, although ambiguous in principle, the case for investment subsidies is reasonably robust in practice. Except when functional forms exhibit arbitrary nonlinearities, it holds under both Cournot and Bertrand competition, with either costreducing or market-expanding investment, and with or without spillovers. Only if firms have strong asymmetries in their investment behaviour and engage in Bertrand competition is an investment tax clearly justified.     

Reshaping Community Mental Health Services in a Restructured State: New Zealand 1984-97

The concept of the hollow state has been proposed as a general framework for public sector restructuring, with New Zealand seen as a leader in reforming social and welfare services, including mental health. This article reports on documentary and interview research into the provision of community-based mental health services in terms of hollow state characteristics: privatization, decentralization and flexibilization. The evidence suggests that privatization occurred only at the margins, that decentralization led to significant regional differences in contractual arrangements and services and that flexibilization brought mixed blessings to the agencies involved. Consistent with findings from elsewhere related to hollow state mechanisms, performance assessment and accountability became more difficult. It is concluded that such frameworks are not appropriate for sectors such as mental health where there is high uncertainty and vulnerable service recipients. Recent policy changes suggest a retreat from privatization and flexibilization, and the emergence of a new balance between centralized and decentralized decision making.     

The EAGLE. A model for policy analysis of macroeconomic interdependence in the euro area

We develop a 4-region macroeconomic model of the euro area and the world economy. The model (EAGLE, Euro Area and Global Economy model) is microfounded and designed for conducting quantitative policy analysis of macroeconomic interdependence across regions in the euro area and between the euro area and the world economy. Specifically, we simulate a permanent reduction in labor tax rates in the euro area. The effects on real activity are expansionary in both the short run and long run. Implementing reforms simultaneously across regions would produce extra benefits and make the macroeconomic performance in the euro area more even.     

Explanatory factors for participation in formal standardisation processes: Empirical evidence at firm level

In contrast to the long tradition of empirical research into the innovation activities and R&D collaboration of companies, the issue of standardisation has been analysed mostly in theoretical approaches. This paper presents an empirical analysis of the participation of German companies in formal standards development organisations. It becomes clear that company size has a significant positive effect on the probability of a participation in standardisation. We focus further on two aspects, on R&D as input and export intensity as performance indicator, in order to explain the likelihood to join formal standardisation processes. Both the R&D intensity and the export activities exhibit an inverse U relationship. Obviously, even participating in standardisation processes requires a certain absorptive capacity, but R&D and export intensive companies expect more disadvantages, like unintended knowledge spill-overs, from joining formal standardisation processes and, therefore, stay away. In addition, export activities increase the likelihood to join formal standardisation processes up to a certain level, although companies with very high export shares expect less benefit from joining formal standardisation processes. Finally, some policy conclusions are derived.