Financial return or social responsibility? An investigation into the stakeholder focus of institutional investors

Since the financial crisis, regulators have put emphasis on encouraging institutional investors to take their governance responsibilities more seriously. In the UK, the Stewardship Code was introduced to enhance the engagement of institutional investors with shareholdings in UK listed companies. In the literature, institutional investors have been predominantly conceptualised as owners, although a number of authors have rejected this view, arguing that traders would be more appropriate. The UK Stewardship Code adds a third view: the institutional investor as steward. The literature generally considers the stewardship concept to be the ownership role combined with wider stakeholder responsibilities. By focussing primarily on this new stakeholder element, this study examines empirically the new stewardship concept by undertaking a content analysis of the published Stewardship Statements of 81 asset managers. The results find support for both the ownership and stewardship role but also highlight significant variations in practices that point toward different competitive strategies.     

存货动态质押融资的司法困境与审判路径——基于司法裁判的实证分析

存货动态质押作为物流金融创新背景下出现的担保类型,已经成为当前我国供应链金融的核心模式之一。在这种融资模式下,企业既能获得融资,又能保障正常经营,可有效帮助中小企业盘活存货和拓宽融资渠道。不过,由于存货动态质押交易构造复杂,区分不同运作模式,又涉及金融借贷、动产质押、保管、监管等多重法律关系,导致相关民事纠纷快速增长,且司法判决态度不一。为尽量反映存货动态质押司法实践全貌,以2012—2020年我国涉及存货动态质押的553份民事裁判文书为分析对象,从案件的数量变化、地域分布、运作模式、制度优势等多个维度入手,对此类担保司法适用的现状进行梳理。研究发现,审判实践中面临的司法困境主要与设立效力、监管人义务和责任有关,如非转移出库模式的存货动态质押法律效力判定不一、物流企业义务与责任模糊不清等。为消解存货动态质押司法困境,需要以《中华人民共和国民法典》(简称《民法典》)及其司法解释思路为指引,正确认识存货动态质押中的交付问题,进一步肯认公同占有作为交付新类型的效力。此外,还要明确监管人作为委托人和保管人的双重身份,而其责任的承担应分别依照违反质物审查义务、监管义务、保管义务予以类型化,并结合致损原因、责任形态和顺位具体判定。     

RS码编码和译码的算法

本文针对用ＤＳＰ芯片实现ＲＳ码的编码器和译码器的要求，讨论ＲＳ码的编码和译码算法。