The pioneer market for forest law compliance in Paragominas,Eastern Brazilian Amazon

This paper explores farmers’ motivations to participate in a market mechanism to come into compliance with the forest laws in Brazil. As of July 2008, farmers with deforestation beyond what is legally permitted can choose between compensating for illegal deforestation at another property or restoring this environmental debt in situ. The study analyzes the first real case of such a compensation market in the Amazonia, started in 2014 in the municipality of Paragominas, Pará. I explore the main features of the Paragominas compensation market in order to understand why farmers with forest deficits would opt for such a mechanism. In particular, the main question explored in this study is: what economic and environmental factors influence the choice to compensate rather than restore in properties with a legal reserve deficit in Paragominas? Results show that an increase in the percentage of illegal deforestation that occurred up to 2008 on a property is associated with an increase in the predicted probability of choosing compensation, when keeping agriculture as a land use, the property size, and the number of land uses in the property unchanged. The study also reveals that farmers with forest deficits may prefer to buy a forest area instead of renting for compensation if they have enough capital to invest.     

Monitoring the accounting profession under the AICPA code of professional conduct: An analysis of state board of accountancy participation

We study state board of accountancy participation in monitoring the conduct of accounting professionals under the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ (AICPA) Code of Professional Conduct (CPC). In doing so, we examine all sanctions imposed by the AICPA under its CPC from 2008 to 2016 to determine the extent to which a state board’s reporting of violations to the AICPA is associated with its full, partial, or non-adoption of the AICPA’s CPC. Our findings suggest that widespread full adoption of the AICPA’s CPC might not result in enhanced state board participation in reporting violations to the AICPA, as might otherwise be expected. Indeed, we find that state boards that partially adopt the AICPA’s CPC report the most violations. We also highlight the variability of state board participation in monitoring the misconduct of accounting professionals and provide suggestions for enhanced monitoring.     

对象名解析服务的技术构架

在分析ONS（Objeet Name Service）技术环境的基础上，研究了ONS的技术构架和工作过程，特别是基于格式化转换字符串的EPC（Electronic Product Code）域名转换研究，从而帮助我们深入理解基于DNS（Domain Name Service）基础架构上的ONS。     

船舶优先权法律性质探析——兼谈民法典制定中的船舶优先权问题

船舶优先权是海商法特有的一个重要的法律概念和制度,但对于其法律性质国内外一直存在着激烈的争论。有学者认为其属程序性权利,也有学者认为其属实体性权利;在持实体性权利观点的学者中,有人认为其属于物权范畴,又有人认为其属债权范畴。本文认为船舶优先权既有物权特征又有债权特征,其既不应划归物权也不应划归债权,而应属与物权和债权并立的第三种权利,即担保权。同时,与其他种类的担保权相比,它又有其自身的特性和相对的独立性。本文建议,我国在制定民法典时应将船舶优先权的内容规定进去,并应与其他担保权一起而与物权、债权并列。     

无线传感器网络代码更新技术分析

无线传感器网络是由大量形体较小、能源受限并且配置有计算能力和无线通信能力的传感器节点组成。无线传感器网络高度自主性的特点使其广泛用于军事、环境监测等危险或人力无法干预的地方。为了适应时间、环境和需求的变化,在传感器节点布置后,不可避免地要节点进行代码更新。代码更新由代码分发和代码更新模式两部分组成。现有的代码分发协议和代码更新模式在可靠性、能量有效性和节点重启的设计上存在问题和不足。因此,有必要设计一个可靠又能量有效的代码分发协议,并采用自主的代码更新模式。     

Progress in Hospitality Ethics Research: A Review and Implications for Future Research

This study presents a comprehensive review of recent developments in hospitality ethics research articles published in major hospitality journals as well as in other fields in the period from 2006 to 2015. A total of 62 articles were analyzed and the results were presented with the discussion of research articles by journal and period, geographical locations of study, research method and data analysis, and research subject areas. Conclusions and implications for future research are offered.     

Study on Symbols in The Old Man and the Sea

<老人与海>是20世纪美国作家海明威的代表作品,被威廉·福克纳誉为"这代人最优秀的一部作品."对于<老人与海>中的象征因素,评论界意见不一.事实上,桑提亚哥的遭遇和生存环境就是海明威艺术化了的亲身经历.本文将从<老人与海>的主人公和其生存环境等方面着手,对丈中的象征因素进行整体的剖析、归纳和总结.     

Ecological outcomes of Atlantic Forest restoration initiatives by sugar cane producers

Brazilian environmental law (the Forest Code) compels large landowners to conserve a proportion of forest on their properties, often necessitating restoration of degraded habitat. Sugar cane producers have been active participants in these restoration projects, especially in the northeast region where sugar cane has largely replaced the exceptionally biodiverse Atlantic forest. Despite the potential conservation importance of such restoration projects there have been few evaluations of their outcomes. Here, we assess sugar cane company restoration projects in an Atlantic rainforest region of northeast Brazil. Specifically, we assess the ability of restoration projects to: (i) restore species diversity and vegetation structure; (ii) increase connectivity between forest fragments, and; (iii) restore assemblage composition. Restored areas contained approximately half the species richness of remnant fragments and had a substantially different species composition. Moreover, the density of trees in restored areas was a third of that in remnants, despite a very similar height profile. The currently poor outcomes of Atlantic Forest restoration projects in northeast Brazil are a consequence of a severely limited capacity for natural regeneration and poor restoration practices. We conclude by identifying possible strategies to improve the quality of privately financed restoration projects.     

On the dark side of codes: Domination not enlightenment

In this paper, we show how a middle manager interprets the action of two employees as problematic and how he solves it by using the company's code of ethics as the basis for firing them. Our telling of the story unmasks a darker side of codes and we conceptualize it in terms of power and domination. The paper contributes to the literature on corporate codes of ethics (CCEs) and corporate ethics programs by showing that such codes need not necessarily play an enabling role in organizations. Rather than being instruments of enlightenment and self-regulation, they may be used as instruments to further domination.     

格雷数序列对布尔函数的化简

本文在格雷码有权化的基础上建立了格雷数序列的概念，给出了格雷数序列的形成规则，讨论了格雷数序列化筒布尔函数的方法