南京城市夜间景观照明存在问题及对策研究

城市夜间景观照明如何给市民带来视觉、精神上的享受,无疑是创建环境友好型城市,建立最佳人居生态的一个重要课题。鉴于此,就南京市夜间景观照明的现状,从美观满意度,亮度满意度,对生态生活的不利影响,节能情况入手,剖析了南京市区景观照明在生态环境、市民生活、能源利用、城市形象等方面存在的问题,提出了以"六朝古都,秦淮文化"为主基调,对景观照明进行整体规划设计的理念,并在制订行业标准规范,合理设置功能照明与景观照明的比例,亮化分级,推广节能灯具,加强管理等方面提出了建议及对策。     

生态危机语境下的林业院校生态伦理教育

21世纪是我国社会经济资源和环境进入可持续发展良性循环的世纪,生态伦理教育是解决生态危机和建设生态文明的重要途径。林业院校大学生作为新生社会生产力的中坚力量,其生态道德的水平和观念决定着我们民族的发展和未来。生态危机语境下对大学生开展生态伦理教育有利于使大学生确立生态危机和环境保护参与意识,培养对大自然的敬畏之感与欣赏之情,引导他们做一个保护生态、尊重生命、善待自然和适度消费的理性生态人。     

Water scarcity, social power and the production of an elite suburb: The political ecology of water in Matadepera, Catalonia

This article investigates the history of land and water transformations in Matadepera, a wealthy suburb of metropolitan Barcelona. Analysis is informed by theories of political ecology and methods of environmental history; although very relevant, these have received relatively little attention within ecological economics. Empirical material includes communications from the City Archives of Matadepera (1919-1979), 17 interviews with locals born between 1913 and 1958, and an exhaustive review of grey historical literature. Existing water histories of Barcelona and its outskirts portray a battle against natural water scarcity, hard won by heroic engineers and politicians acting for the good of the community. Our research in Matadepera tells a very different story. We reveal the production of a highly uneven landscape and waterscape through fierce political and power struggles. The evolution of Matadepera from a small rural village to an elite suburb was anything but spontaneous or peaceful. It was a socio-environmental project well intended by landowning elites and heavily fought by others. The struggle for the control of water went hand in hand with the land and political struggles that culminated - and were violently resolved - in the Spanish Civil War. The displacement of the economic and environmental costs of water use from few to many continues to this day and is constitutive of Matadepera's uneven and unsustainable landscape. By unravelling the relations of power that are inscribed in the urbanization of nature (Swyngedouw, 2004), we question the perceived wisdoms of contemporary water policy debates, particularly the notion of a natural scarcity that merits a technical or economic response. We argue that the water question is fundamentally a political question of environmental justice; it is about negotiating alternative visions of the future and deciding whose visions will be produced.     

基于BP神经网络方法的城市土地生态安全评价——以广州市为例

选取18个指标构建城市土地生态安全评价指标体系,运用BP神经网络方法评价城市土地生态安全。研究结果:2006年及2007年广州市土地生态安全等级为Ⅲ,2008年安全等级为Ⅳ。研究结论:BP神经网络通过对历史数据的学习,能够实现城市土地生态安全评价,对探索城市土地生态安全评价方法具有重要意义。     

江西省特色农业产业集群形成与发展的文化生态机理

在促使江西省特色农业产业集群的形成与发展过程中,文化生态的作用非常重要。传统农业文化催生了江西省特色农产品农户种植群;在传统农业文化与现代商业文化的交融中,催生了各种形式的农村合作经济组织;作为社会网络根植性与社会资本的集群文化,降低了农户与农户、农户与企业之间的交易成本,同时增加了交易收益,从而使得集群产生巨大的协同效应。在特色农业产业集群的发展过程中,文化生态的内部结构优化、外联结构优化及纵向结构优化是集群发展的文化根源,并以江西泰和乌鸡产业集群为例进行了阐释。     

Backcasting energy futures using industrial ecology

Backcasting has been widely used for developing energy futures. This paper explores the potential for using industrial ecology to guide the development of energy futures within a backcasting framework. Building on the backcasting work of Robinson [1], a seven step method is presented to embed industrial ecology principles within the development and assessment of future scenarios and transition paths toward them. The approach is applied to the case of backcasting regional energy futures in the Latrobe Valley, near Melbourne, Australia. This region has substantial brown coal deposits which are currently mined and used in coal-fired power stations to generate electricity. Bounded by a sustainability vision for the region in a carbon-constrained world, regional industrial ecologies in 2050 were backcast around three themes: bio-industries and renewables (no coal usage); electricity from coal with carbon capture and storage (low to high coal usage); and coal to products such as hydrogen, ammonia, diesel, methanol, plastics and char (demonstrating medium to high overall coal use relative to current levels). Potential environmental, technological, socio-political and economic impacts of each scenario across various life cycle stages were characterised. Results offer a platform for regional policy development to underpin deliberation on a preferred future by the community, industry and other stakeholders. Industrial ecology principles were found to be useful in backcasting for creatively articulating alternative futures featuring industrial symbiosis. However, enabling the approach to guide implementation of sustainable transition pathways requires further development and would benefit from integration within the Strategic Sustainable Development framework of Robèrt et al. [2].     

FOOD INSECURITY AND INSUFFICIENCY AT LOW LEVELS OF FOOD EXPENDITURES

In this study we investigate the external validity of the food insecurity and insufficiency measures—specifically, how these measures correlate with food expenditures—using the December 2003 Food Security Supplement of the Current Population Survey. We focus on a special segment of the population—households with low incomes and low food expenditures. If reports of food problems are based on a lack of food, reports should be nearly ubiquitous at the bottom of the expenditure distribution. We find, however, that this is not the case. We define and scale food expenditures several different ways and find that the reported incidence of food insecurity never rises above one‐half anywhere along the corresponding expenditure distributions, leading to concerns about the external validity of the measure.     

浅谈城市生态化与生态城市

城市生态化简单地说就是实现城市社会-经济-自然复合生态系统整体协调而达到一种稳定有序状态的演进过程.     

Diminishing effects of location? Some evidence from Swiss municipalities, 1950–2000

This paper analyzes how location has affected, in the second half of the twentieth century, the population growth of 2889 municipalities in Switzerland. The analysis demonstrates the temporal relativity of location attributes, even for small territorial divisions, such as the Swiss cantons. However, we also show that, both absolute and relative location attributes have weakened over time as population growth predictors, apparently due to improving road infrastructures, and growing motorization. The study has been made possible by a detailed historical population and accessibility database available for Swiss municipalities. To the best of our knowledge, no database of such scope and quality is available for any other European country.     

基于品牌生态学视角的会议品牌建设研究

相比较于一般的服务品牌,会议品牌具有特殊的官方色彩、品牌态度取决于宏观因素、品牌评价来自于服务过程、增值的间接性和品牌延伸相关度低等特征。这些特征决定了在研究会议品牌时,应着重考虑其与外界环境之间的共生关系。因此,参考品牌生态学的分析路径,对研究当前我国会议品牌管理的现状将大有裨益。