An extension of the Sard–Smale Theorem to convex domains with an empty interior

A stumbling block in the modeling of competitive markets with commodity and price spaces of infinite dimensions, arises from having positive cones with an empty interior. This issue precludes the use of tools of differential analysis, ranging from the definition of a derivative, to the use of more sophisticated results needed to understand determinacy of equilibria and, more generally, the structure of the equilibrium set. To overcome these issues, this note extends the Preimage Theorem and the Sard–Smale Theorem to maps between convex sets that may have an empty interior.     

Stakeholders' implicit claims and accounting method choice

Based on theory and anecdotal evidence, we argue that ongoing implicit claims between a firm and its customers, suppliers, employees, and short-term creditors create incentives for management to choose long-run income-increasing accounting methods. Variables selected to proxy for the extent to which a firm depends on these implicit claims are found to be significant in explaining cross-sectional variation in inventory and depreciation methods. These variables remain incrementally significant when we include traditional variables found to have explanatory power in prior studies (i.e., leverage, bonus compensation, tax, and regulatory/political exposure variables).     

对实证会计研究的辩解和思考

近年来,实证会计研究已经在我国悄然兴起,介绍实证会计研究方法的文章逐渐增多。这些文章,往往是对实证研究方法提出的一些批评。本文尝试对若干批评加以辩解,以求加深对实证会计研究方法的认识和理解。在此基础上,笔者进一步探讨了我国会计研究的几点方法,认为现阶段我国会计研究方法的选择应在继续发扬规范研究的同时,大力发展实证研究;应当根据研究课题的需要,选择最能达到研究目的的研究方法或方法组合。     

论会计国际化进程中的会计目标

本文对会计目标是会计信息系统的内核进行了逻辑分析,指出会计目标是会计环境与会计信息系统的联结点,并对会计目标的两种观点进行对比,认为“受托责任观”和“决策有用观”的发展遵循了历史的逻辑。针对会计国际化进程中各国会计目标的考察,结合我国会计环境对会计目标进行了定位,阐述了会计目标对会计准则制订的借鉴意义。     

投资者决策行为与信息披露

本文认为对会计师而言,理解投资者如何作出决策(实证理论)以及应如何作出决策(规范理论)是相当重要的。通过对投资者决策行为的研究,可能有助于提高财务信息准确地描述真实经济事项的能力;有助于理解财务会计信息的数量、类型和形式如何影响投资者的判断或预测;有助于理解决策者准确地对其认知的环境作出反应的能力;有助于理解投资者如何解决决策的复杂性,以及不同的决策风格对信息利用方式的影响。     

民间金融发展现状与理论思考

农村金融中介的缺位、民间财富的膨胀及银行信贷门槛过高,使民间金融应运而生.民间金融具有规模大、用途广、主体多元化等特点.应正视民间金融的风险、确立民间金融的法律地位,并加强监管,积极引导民间金融有序成长.     

算子方程X+A*X-tA=I的正算子解

该文讨论了算子方程X＋A^＊X^-tA=I（t≥1）的正算子解，给出了方程正算子解存在的充要条件以及利用迭代的方法证明了方程极大解和极小解的存在。     

论正外部性与上市公司会计信息披露

本文从正外部性会使资源的社会提供不足这一新古典经济学原命题出发,从数量与质量方面考察正外部性对上市公司会计信息披露的影响。由于信息的政府强制供给,正外部性对会计信息的影响为零;根据张五常的总量相等原则及考虑合约内效应的主要影响,正外部性对会计信息的影响亦是不显著。在此基础上,对会计信息披露中出现问题的原因进行了探讨,提出提高会计信息披露质量的建议。     

中国税收增长的理论分析和实证研究--中国1992-2002年税收增长个案分析

本文尝试从税收来源和使用角度分析税收增长的动因，指出税收增长是供给约束和需求刺激两类因素共同作用相互平衡的结果，并在此基础上提出了税收增长的供求模型。运用该模型，论文对于中国1992—2002年税收增长的主要因素，以及这些因素变动与税收增长之间的动态关系进行了初步的理论探讨和实证分析。研究结论表明，1994年税制改革在税收高增长中发挥主要作用。1998年以来实施的积极财政政策成为拉动我国税收收入高速增长的直接动因，并形成增长的拐点。同时，本文针对近年来税收增长数倍于GDP增长的现象以及不断攀升的税收弹性系数进行了较为深入的剖析，指出税收增长应同时具备适度弹性和长期稳定性两个特征，既要保证税收增长与经济增长的联系和互动，又要能满足长期的财政需求。     

Toward a Model of Word-of-Mouth in the Health Care Sector

An important source of health information is word of mouth (WOM). Nevertheless, a model describing WOM in the health care sector does not exist. The aim of this paper is to contribute to research by providing concrete suggestions for a model of word of mouth in the health care sector. A conceptual framework comprising the theory of cognitive dissonance, the theory of the strength of weak ties, and the theory of perceived risk are used as a theoretical anchor. In order to gain a more precise knowledge of WOM in the health care sector, a literature review of leading health care journals is conducted. The findings are summarized in the form of a model proposal describing the creation, spread, and impact of WOM in the health care sector. As the model summarizes the current WOM literature, it seems to be a good starting point for further research by scholars. The paper also helps practitioners to better understand WOM and integrate the WOM aspects described into their daily work.