景德镇陶瓷的奢侈品营销研究

瓷都景德镇因陶瓷而闻名于世,但随着国内各大产瓷区的兴起壮大及国际知名陶瓷企业峰拥进入中国,景德镇现在正处于一个生死存亡的关键阶段。本文认为景德镇陶瓷产业的衰弱不仅有恪守传统观念和技术落后的原因,缺乏创新的营销策略也是很重要的方面。本文针对景德镇陶瓷的特点及其营销的现状,结合奢侈品的概念及其营销特征,探讨了景德镇陶瓷的奢侈品营销策略。     

Finite sample tail behavior of the multivariate trimmed mean based on Tukey-Donoho halfspace depth

Finite sample tail behavior of the Tukey-Donoho halfspace depth based multivariate trimmed mean is investigated with respect to a tail performance measure. It turns out that the tails of the sampling distribution of the α-depth-trimmed mean approach zero at least ⌊αn⌋ times as fast as the tails of the underlying population distribution and could be n−⌊αn⌋+ 1 times as fast. In addition, there is an intimate relationship among the tail behavior, the halfspace depth, and the finite sample breakdown point of the estimator. It is shown that the lower tail performance bound of the depth based trimmed mean is essentially the same as its halfspace depth and the breakdown point. This finding offers a new insight into the notion of the halfspace depth and extends the important role of the tail behavior as a quantitative assessment of robustness in the regression (He, Jurečková, Koenker and Portnoy (1990)) and the univariate location settings (Jurečková (1981)) to the multivariate location setting. Received: 1 July 1999     

Distributions of exact tests in the exponential family

The aim of this paper is to give some results on the exact density of the I-divergence in the exponential family with gamma distributed observations. It is shown in particular that the I-divergence can be decomposed as a sum of two independent variables with known distributions. Since the considered I-divergence is related to the likelihood ratio statistics, we apply the method to compute the exact distribution of the likelihood ratio tests and discuss the optimality of such exact tests. One of these tests is the exact LR test of the model which is asymptotically optimal in the Bahadur sense. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the methods discussed. Received: January 2002 Acknowledgements. I am grateful to Prof. Andrej Pázman for helpful discussions during the setup and the preparation of the paper and to the referees for constructive comments on earlier versions of the paper. Research is supported by the VEGA grant (Slovak Grant Agency) No 1/7295/20     

Industry Self‐Regulation: A Game‐Theoretic Typology of Strategic Voluntary Compliance

We analyse the possibility of successful industry self‐regulation in terms of the strategic interactions between industry members and government. In particular, this article presents a game‐theoretic typology of generic self‐regulatory scenarios and evaluates these in terms of the resulting likelihood of collective compliance. We discuss the advertising, press and life insurance industries in the UK as examples of the scenarios. Conclusions for corporate and public policy are offered.     

Using DEA to estimate potential savings at GP units at medical specialty level

The aim of this paper is to identify benchmark cost-efficient General Practitioner (GP) units at delivering health care in the Geriatric and General Medicine (GMG) specialty and estimate potential cost savings. The use of a single medical specialty makes it possible to reflect more accurately the medical condition of the List population of the Practice so as to contextualize its expenditure on care for patients. We use Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to estimate the potential for cost savings at GP units and to decompose these savings into those attributable to the reduction of resource use, to altering the mix of resources used and to those attributable to securing better resource ‘prices’. The results reveal a considerable potential for savings of varying composition across GP units.     

海南省天然橡胶初加工设备的低碳改造

针对海南省天然橡胶初加工设备仍普遍存在高能耗、高排放的问题,提出采用节能减排新技术的方法,改造或更新原生产设备。结果表明,原设备加工天然橡胶,产品单位综合能耗为74.19kgce/t,改造后,其单位产品能耗下降63.60%,即每生产1吨干胶,可节约47.18kgce,减少二氧化碳排放117.6kg。可见,天然橡胶初加工设备的低碳改造,在技术改造上具有较强的可行性。     

‘One Size Does Not Fit All’

Abstract

The article presents a comparative analysis of mandatory networks used as an integrated part of local governance of the primary medical service in Norway, and their management. Both the networks and their management showed considerable variation in their basic characteristics, and three different management roles are described: ‘the diplomat’, ‘the adversary’ and ‘the equal partner’. The article argues that the managerial role of a network is a result of, as well as inflicting on, the distribution of power between the participants in the network.     

补中益气丸合麻黄颗粒治疗肺脾气虚型儿童原发性夜间遗尿症疗效分析

目的评价补中益气丸合麻黄颗粒治疗肺脾气虚型儿童原发性夜间遗尿症(PNE)的疗效。方法将93例患儿随机分为两组,对照组41例进行单纯的干床训练,治疗组52例在进行干床训练基础上加用补中益气丸和睡前口服麻黄颗粒治疗,疗程为8周,治疗结束时判断两组患者治疗有效率和完全反应率,并比较治疗组治疗前后的功能性膀胱容量。结果治疗组总有效率为84.6%,对照组为46.3%;治疗组完全反应率为50%,对照组为19.5%。治疗前两组PNE患儿功能性膀胱容量不存在显著差异,但治疗后两组患儿功能性膀胱容量存在较大的差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论补中益气丸合麻黄颗粒治疗肺脾气虚型PNE有效,但远期疗效需进一步追踪和研究验证。     

关于进口食品《入境货物检验检疫证明》的法律思考

《入境货物检验检疫证明》是海关对进口法定检验检疫货物签发的执法文书之一。本文回顾了进口食品《入境货物检验检疫证明》的法律依据与文书变迁,认为《入境货物检验检疫证明》是进口食品的法定合格凭证,是食品进口后生产经营过程中查验的凭据之一,但不具有合格保证的法律效力,也不能免除进口商和经营者法定的产品质量责任,进口食品消费者与海关之间也不因《入境货物检验检疫证明》形成法律利害关系。进口食品《入境货物检验检疫证明》评语应当强调海关对进口食品已经实施食品安全合格评定、进口商和经营者继续承担食品安全质量责任。同时,海关应当建立进口食品检验检疫证明的效力终止程序,并加强与地方政府市场监督管理部门的信息沟通。     

耐用品、投资专有冲击与货币政策福利

本文构建蕴含耐用品与非耐用品的两部门DSGE模型,研究投资专有冲击对货币政策及社会福利的影响。投资专有技术进步改进了投资转化为生产资本的效率,放大边际成本波动,增加了厂商调价动机和价格水平变动。即使耐用品价格完全灵活,最优货币政策也无法同时稳定价格和实际GDP。研究发现:(1)耐用品相对价格缺口波动率的上升虽然增加了实际GDP波动,但能够有效地降低投资专有技术对边际成本的冲击,减少价格变动的福利损失。所以两部门投资专有冲击时,央行倾向于稳定价格水平。与其相反,在单部门投资专有冲击和两部门生产技术冲击时,最优货币政策应降低耐用品相对价格缺口波动,稳定实际GDP。(2)对比三种泰勒规则:钉住非耐用品PPI、钉住加权平均PPI及钉住CPI,福利分析发现钉住非耐用品PPI最优,钉住CPI次之,钉住加权平均PPI的福利损失最大。就损失程度而言,投资专有冲击的福利损失是生产技术冲击的2倍,表明投资专有冲击加剧了最优货币政策在稳定价格与实际GDP间的权衡。