Boom, bust, and the poor: Poverty dynamics in the Middle East and North Africa, 1970–1999

This paper analyzes changes in poverty and inequality in the Middle East and North Africa. It finds that the structural relationship between poverty reduction, income growth and distribution is the same for MENA and other developing economies. Prior to 1985 rapid growth sharply reduced poverty. After 1985, despite very low income growth, a rising share of income accruing to the lowest quintile meant that the average income of the poor rose more rapidly than that of the non-poor. These unusual poverty dynamics were primarily due to international migration. Remittances both increased per capita incomes in labor exporting countries and increased the share of income accruing to the poor.     

Public goods provision: Unit-by-unit cost-sharing rules and the core

In a simple model of one public good producible from one input, we show that unit-by-unit cost-sharing rules have two properties. First, a unit-by-unit cost-sharing rulealways chooses a core allocation. Second, every allocation in the core will be chosen by at least one unit-by-unit cost-shring rule. We argue that costs should be shared on a unit-by-unit basis. We propose a simple mechanism to implement the family of unit-by-unit rules. Received: 18 May 2005, Accepted: 6 December 2005 JEL Classification: H41, C72, D78 I thank Hervé Moulin for helpful comments and discussions. All errors are mine. Financial support from the Hong Kong Research Grants Council under grant RGC-DAG99/00.BM52 is gratefully acknowledged.     

新公共管理理念与政府财务报告的完善

新公共管理是目前世界各国政府公共管理改革的方向,信息透明性是建立新公共管理模式的基础。本文根据新公共管理的特点结合我国政府公共财政管理改革的实际,针对目前我国政府财务报告中存在的问题,提出了相应的改进建议。     

Do small businesses adjust their capital structure? Evidence from the global financial crisis in Japan

We investigate the extent to which small businesses adjust their capital structures to target levels when their leverage increases substantially during a financial crisis. We examine Japan's Emergency Credit Guarantee (ECG) program during the 2008 global financial crisis. The increased leverage from the use of the ECG program during the crisis increased the probability of default. Additionally, small businesses adjusted their leverage ratios to the target range before the crisis. However, such adjustments were weak during and after the crisis, particularly for target firms in the ECG program.     

各国通货紧缩的经济史比较研究

文章通过对世界各国的通货紧缩的经济史的比较研究 ,概括出通货紧缩的共性特征 ,并从各国的历史实践总结出我国目前治理通货紧缩的一些启示。     

论如何走出信用危机

文章从分析信用危机的原因入手，阐述了解决信用危机既要靠文化．又要靠制度，两种力量结合起来，才能有效地规范和约束市场经济主体的行为，在全社会范围内解决诚信危机，并从政府、行会、企业和公众四个方面提出了走出信用危机的具体措施。     

短期事件对旅游的影响:以中国SARS危机为例

通过回顾近年来世界各国发生的短期危机对旅游产生的影响，重点分析2003年的SARS疫情给中国经济特别是旅游业造成的重大损失，讨论了不同的短期危机对旅游的不同影响以及旅游在危机后的不同恢复时间。旅游业对短期危机缺乏足够的防御能力，但通常能较为迅速的走上复苏之路。在这个过程中，适当的危机管理措施和有效的恢复策略是十分重要和不可或缺的。     

降低公共危机防控成本刍议

公共危机防控这一非常态下特殊公共服务所面临的多方面需求与供给能力相对较低的矛盾,是导致公共危机防控成本高昂、难以控制和难以衡量的主要原因.当前,要降低公共危机的防控成本,需要着力于观念形塑、完善政府问责制、实现复合治理和能力建设等方面.     

我国地方财政困境辨析

地方政府是一国政府体系中极为重要的组成部分，地方政府职能作用的合理化和地方财政的有效运行是衡量一国整体财政运行质量的重要指标。随着中国经济体制改革和现代化建设的推进，地方财政尤其是县乡财政的困境问题日益凸现，成为中国市场经济条件下建立健全公共财政框架的一个桎梏。通过从中国地方财政困境的现状入手，着重分析了这种困境形成的多方面原因，并进而提出化解困境的几点对策建议。     

促进我国旅游业发展的财税对策探讨

改革开放至今,我国旅游业进行了近30年的探索,但在树立绿色税收、绿色财政理念,搭建适合旅游业发展的财税政策平台,创建生态旅游强国,还任重道远.在探讨加速我国旅游资源整合,促进旅游资源优势向经济优势转变基础上,提出实现旅游行业经济效益和社会效益双赢的财税政策.