Diversity clauses in job advertisements: Organisational reproduction of inequality?

This article contributes to the research on inequality in organisations by analysing job advertisements that include a diversity clause stating that minority or disadvantaged jobseekers are welcome. The diversity clause appears as a response to expectations from the organisations’ environment, namely anti-discrimination regulations and activation policies that aim to persuade employers to counteract inequality and include minorities and marginalised groups. With disability as a case, the analysis demonstrates how the mundane organisational practice of advertising for new employees fails to avoid reproducing the inequality that it aspires to reduce. A predominant distinction in the advertisement texts between desired employees and disabled applicants (addressed in the diversity clause) shows how organisations, while acting properly and performing the benevolent practice of championing diversity, can still subtly signal the inferiority of disability.     

A Review of Web-Based Job Advertisements for Australian Event Management Positions

Abstract

Strong growths in the Australian event management industry, ongoing technological changes and the internationalization of the market place has spurred the need for appropriately educated and trained event managers and for a re-evaluation of educational and job training curriculum to meet these new challenges. In order for Australia to position itself as a world leader in event management, it is important to provide consistent high professional standards and event managers that not only meet, but exceed the demands of the industry. While there is some literature that focuses on the tourism and leisure job market (Crossley, 1992; Keung & Pine, 2000), and a small but developing literature base that focuses on event management training (Harris & Jago, 1999; Hawkins & Goldbatt, 1995) relatively little consideration has been given to a national agenda for event management skilling.

To provide an indication of current employer requirements, a nationwide study of job advertisements in event management has commenced. The aims of the study are to further the understanding of the educational needs and training requirements of the industry; to ascertain the learned skills and personal attributes sought from event managers; to determine the compatibility of industry demands with current educational and vocational provisions; and to suggest post-secondary institutional avenues through which event management education and training needs can be pursued. This is an ongoing study and it is hoped that it will contribute towards a broad scale understanding of the event management job market. More importantly, however, it can be used as the basis for curriculum evaluation and training needs, and create a better understanding and compatibility between event management education and industry practice.

This paper reports the preliminary results from a content analysis of approximately 100 web-based job advertisements. E-mail alert accounts were established with several search engines to gather a sample of event management related job advertisements from around Australia. An analytical framework was devised for the analysis of the advertisements themselves. The results reveal several interesting trends including the geographical concentration of the event management job market, the range of industries that require event management specialists or event management skills, and a series of required skills and key attributes of event managers. The results of this study establish a platform from which to develop a classification of event management skills required by the industry.     

Restriction reduction: The effects of mobility restriction on consumers’ preferences for advertisements of tourism products

Individuals frequently experience restrictions in their mobility owing to circumstances outside of their control. This paper examines the effect of mobility restrictions on individuals’ perceptions of personal freedom, and subsequent preferences for tourism advertisements. In a secondary data analysis and three experiments, we show that physical confinement triggered by restricted mobility causes individuals to psychologically feel that their personal freedoms are threatened. In turn, these experiences result in a compensatory response, where people more strongly prefer advertisements that signal scarcity-reduction over advertisements that signal control-restoration. This effect is mitigated when people are prevention-oriented and is reversed when the restrictions are enacted absolutely (without ambiguity and possible mutability). We discuss the implications of our findings for advertising practice and strategies for tourism product placement.     

基于模因-顺应模式的广告模糊语研究

模糊性是一种基本的语言现象,存在于自然语言的各个方面。模糊语凭借其幽默含蓄、灵活简洁等语用功能被广泛的应用于广告语言创作中。本文结合模因论和顺应论,论证广告模糊语是以模因的形式存在、在不断选择与顺应的过程中幸存下来的语言模因产物,具体的说,广告模糊语得以广泛的流传是因为其凭借自身的模因属性有效地顺应广告受众的交际语境（心理世界、社交世界、物理世界）,从而不断的被选择、复制及传播,最终形成模因。     

中国出口退税政策演变及相关研究述评

自1985年中国出口退税制度正式确立以来,出口退税一直是中国的一项重要经济政策,期间历经了多次重大的改革和调整,从而也吸引了国内学界的广泛关注和研究。本文首先概述了中国出口退税政策从正式实行至今的演变历程,然后从出口退税的理论依据以及中国出口退税对出口和经济增长、产业结构调整、财政收支、国民福利等方面的影响对已有的相关研究文献进行归纳和梳理,旨在加深我们对中国出口退税政策的认识,并为国内学者的进一步研究提供一些研究线索。     

Subsidizing charitable contributions: a natural field experiment comparing matching and rebate subsidies

We report the results of a field experiment conducted in conjunction with a mailed fundraising campaign of a nonprofit organization. The experiment is designed to compare the response of donors to subsidies in the form of matching amounts or rebated amounts. Matching subsidies are used by many corporations as an employee benefit; the US federal tax system encourages giving using a rebate subsidy by making donations tax deductible. The design includes a control group and two levels of subsidy of each type. Our main result is that matching subsidies result in larger total donations to charities than rebate subsidies, a result that is qualitatively similar to the lab findings. The estimated price elasticities for the matching subsidy are very similar to (and insignificantly different from) the lab experiments, while rebate subsidies lead to lower contributions in the field than in the lab. Since rebates in the field involve substantial lags and additional complications as compared with the “instant rebates” of the lab, this latter difference is not unexpected. The matching results are an important step in validating lab estimates of responsiveness to subsidies of charitable giving.

---

Electronic Supplementary Material  The online version of this article () contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.      

数码商品广告中的隐喻及其蕴含的文化价值观

在探讨隐喻的运行机制和感知的基础上,文章将数码商品广告中的常见喻体分类整理并探讨其中所蕴含的文化价值。研究结果发现:自由、生活、成功、爱情、美、梦想、智慧、世界、自然、永恒是数码商品广告中的常见喻体;数码商品广告中的隐喻与中国特定的文化传统有着紧密的联系,即使是最时尚商品的广告也折射出最传统的文化价值观。     

出口退税政策变动对出口贸易的有效性研究

我国于2008年末开始实施积极的财政政策,为抵御金融危机对出口贸易的不利影响,先后多次对出口退税政策进行了调整,使得出口退税总量在财政收入增速快速下降、出口贸易额大幅萎缩的同时出现较大程度的提高。本文从出口退税政策的变动情况入手,从理论和实证两个方面探究出口退税政策变动对出口贸易的有效性,并根据结论提出相关政策建议。     

房地产广告语篇中的互动意义解读——以多模态语篇分析理论为视角

新媒介时代,语篇日趋多模态化。20世纪90年代兴起的多模态语篇分析法为解读由多种符号组成的语篇提供了新视角和新途径,并逐渐成为语言学研究的热点之一。本文以Kress和Van leeuwen建构的多模态语篇的社会符号学分析方法为理论框架,结合系统功能语法,选取杭州房地产广告为研究语料,对其广告中互动意义的构建和体现进行深入分析。研究证明了多模态语篇的分析框架在房地产广告中的可操作性和实用性,丰富了广告语篇的分析维度。     

户外广告设置与城市环境的协调发展

随着经济的繁荣,户外广告在我国城市建设中得到了迅猛的发展。户外广告以其独特的广告传播形式和特色,在现代社会中发挥着重要作用。与此同时,户外广告与城市环境之间的问题与矛盾也日渐凸显,并对城市环境造成了一定程度的破坏和污染。基于此,从户外广告的功能与特点、户外广告的设置、户外广告与城市环境的协调等方面,探讨了处理好二者的关系,使户外广告与城市环境协调统一、和谐发展的问题。