超越经济人的社会偏好理论:一个基于实验经济学的综述

实验经济学对传统经济人假设的系统反驳促使社会偏好理论应运而生.社会偏好理论的各个模型试图在维持理性假设下,通过将基于心理学和社会学的诸如公平、互利等与“自利”假设有着明显涵义辨识度的一些人类社会性情感因素纳入到效用函数中来进而修正经济人假设,并以博弈论为基本的分析工具力图构建新的博弈均衡来解释实验经济学所揭示的一系列悖论.本文围绕社会偏好在已有文献的基础上对其产生的背景、模型、测度、外溢以及检验等问题作了一个详细而系统的梳理     

Optimal remedies in international trade agreements

This paper takes a mechanism-design approach to characterize a politically optimal trade agreement under the assumption that governments have private information about the fluctuating political pressure they face from domestic interest groups to restrict trade. The optimal mechanism under these changing circumstances involves a remedy system for breach of trade agreements that specifies less-than-proportional retaliations against deviating parties. This result is in contrast to the conventional wisdom in the literature regarding the efficiency of the Reciprocity Principle as a rule of renegotiation in trade agreements. I also consider an institutional structure in which only commensurate retaliations are practical but governments can employ a public randomizing device to authorize retaliations. I show that it is optimal to authorize retaliations only randomly. This suggests a role for the WTO dispute settlement process as a public randomizing device.     

Trust and trustworthiness across different age groups

We examine the degree of trust and trustworthiness in an experimental trust game with 662 participants from six different age groups, ranging from 8-year-olds to retired persons. Although both trust and trustworthiness have been identified as fundamental pillars for efficient economic interactions, economic research has devoted little attention to measuring their strength in different age groups. In our experiment subjects interact with members of the same age group. We find that trust increases almost linearly from early childhood to early adulthood, but stays rather constant within different adult age groups. Trustworthiness prevails in all age groups.     

公司法如何面对家庭秩序———以一个家族公司的裁判为例

主流公司法理论强调公司的经济属性,突出章程、正式治理以及程序规则在公司治理中的作用。但是,具有亲属关系的股东控制的家族公司具有明显的关系与伦理维度,存在不同于普通公司的治理机制与目标。家族公司的本质属性是关系嵌入性,亲属关系在家族公司中具有工具与目的双重价值。家族公司的关系治理延续了家庭成员间的互动模式,受到家庭成员间社会规范的约束。在典型的家族公司中,家族股东之间在权力与利益的分配上遵循利他主义、信任与互惠规范,这些规范抑制了契约式谈判,维系了家族股东的强人合性,降低了交易成本,但会产生事后背信的风险。在解释家族公司个案的事实与行为时,法官面临家族逻辑与公司逻辑之间的紧张对立,需特别分析案件发生的背景与当事人的身份关系。在处理家族股东之间的内部利益纠纷时,应该充分考量信任与互惠规范的法律价值,保护当事人的合理期待,以抑制事后的机会主义。基于索源公司案中家庭成员间的特殊期待与信任,直接适用公司法上的默认规则会破坏家庭成员的共识,应该适用诚实信用原则填补漏洞,以实现家族公司个案的正义,也体现公司法对信任等社会规范的尊重。     

Reciprocity as a key stabilizing norm of interpersonal marketing relationships: Scale development and validation

This study outlines the development and validation of a measure of reciprocity. The definition used to develop the measure extends traditional quid pro quo interpretations to include behavior designed to stabilize relationships in times of exchange breakdown. This includes resisting and not returning harm and making reparation for harm done. Reciprocity is positioned as an important interpersonal norm of stable marketing relationships given recent findings that relationships develop most strongly at the individual level. It is suggested that reciprocity leads to personal well-being; thus providing an additional motivation, over and above economic incentives, to develop and maintain relationships. Results of the scale development tests indicated a valid, two dimensional measure which correlated with key relational variables such as trust, commitment, satisfaction, self-esteem and reduced conflict.     

对跨文化团队中信任问题的质性实证研究

文章以中德团队为例研究了跨文化团队内聚力发展中的要素之一——信任,探索了信任的特性、功能等及其与沟通、交互性等要素的相互作用,并揭示了中德员工信任理念的异同之处。在理论研究的基础上,文章提出了三个假设,然后,文章采用质性访谈的实证研究方法访谈了数十位中德员工,采用质性内容分析法对其中32个访谈进行了研究。文章描述了该分析结果对前期假设的验证,并总结出一些其他发现。     

Empathy with influencers? The impact of the sensory advertising experience on user behavioral responses

Short-form video influencer advertising offers new opportunities for user sensory experience to promote advertising effectiveness and induce positive user responses. This unique means of influencer-generated advertising via short-form videos has not yet been investigated. This study builds on the reciprocity norm of social exchange theory to investigate relationships among ad sensory stimuli (i.e., the sensory advertising experience), the efficacy of influencer advertising (i.e., empathy and altruistic motive), and user behavioral responses (i.e., ad avoidance intention, ad engagement, and purchase intention). It also seeks to shed light on the critical role of perceived influencer effort in these relationships. An empirical study using data from TikTok (Douyin) users and results indicate that sensory advertising experience positively affects user behavioral responses through the serial mediation of empathy and altruistic motive. Additionally, perceived influencer effort is found to be a crucial moderator of the effect of sensory advertising experience on user empathy, which further influences user behavioral responses. The findings provide insight into the persuasion effect and mechanism of short-form video influencer advertising and offer suggestions for advertising campaign designers.