访北大教授吴冰——谈英语写作课教学

作为现代语言学之父的索绪尔对二十世纪语言学的发展,在理论上无疑提供了一套理论思想,他的最大贡献是设法使语言学成为一门纯粹的科学。但其排除语言与外部世界联系的思想却受到越来越多人的质疑。通过对吴冰教授的采访我们可以在很短的时间内,借鉴她几十年教授英语写作课程的经验,逐步形成自己的教学理念和系统的英语写作课程教学方法,且这些方法具有很强可行性、操作性和实用性,对我们刚走上讲台、或正在探索、尝试不同教学方法并未得到验证的教师来说有较强的指导意义。     

Postponement strategy for international transfer of products in a global supply chain: A system dynamics examination

This paper contributes to research on “postponement” strategy in the context of a global production–distribution system of an automobile manufacturer. It proposes a model that integrates multiple considerations germane to global supply chains. Postponement is important in this context because it is necessary to consider international transfers and tariffs, and it is important to appropriately account for the impact of postponement on total costs. Consideration of several key variables such as shipping point, customs tariff, and cost differences between countries is essential to derive full benefits from postponement strategy in global supply chains. International transfer of goods among countries in global automobile industry is complex and dynamic because of the multitude of factors that must be considered. The paper develops insights regarding postponement strategy in global supply chains via a system dynamics simulation model. The model draws on the experiences of a Korean automobile manufacturer with operations in developing and developed countries.     

用三句话牢记电和磁的关系

电和磁的关系是电工学中非常重要的一部分内容,这部分内容的知识点非常繁杂,极易混淆。经过思考分析和教学实践,把这部分的内容进行总结和组合,化繁为简、用三句话作为线索,把众多的知识点联系起来,归纳成了具有三句话、四个层次、12个知识点的一个结构清晰、简单明了、容易记忆的框图,再把每句话进行细化、对比、联想记忆,达到很好的理解和记忆效果。     

司法更需要何种指导性案例——以指导案例60号为分析对象

由于明确了食品标签不符合食品安全标准的判断方法,提供了明确的裁判指引,指导案例60号的被引频次大幅提升。与高被引频次并存的现象是指导案例的参照率畸低,实践效果并不显著。实证分析表明,参照指导案例60号须同时满足三项积极条件与两项消极条件,这些条件存在着判断标准模糊、对原始表述删减过度、隐藏核心规则等问题,拉低了指导性案例的参照率,同时指导案例60号还存在着裁判规则适用范围过窄等问题,对参照效果的发挥带来了负面影响。指导性案例的生成须尊重实践规律,通过释明判断标准、保留原始表述、明示核心规则、预测参照效果、扩大规则的包容性、优化案例类型结构等方式提升指导性案例的司法适应性,从而真正将指导性案例镶嵌到司法中去。     

A meta-analysis of the impact of price presentation on perceived savings

Pricing is one of the most crucial determinants of sales. Besides the actual price, how the price offering is presented to consumers also affects consumer evaluation of the product offering. Many studies focus on “price framing,” i.e., how the offer is communicated to the consumer —is the offered price given along with a reference price, is the reference price plausible, is a price deal communicated in dollar or percentage terms. Other studies focus on “situational effects,” e.g., is the evaluation for a national brand or a private brand, is it within a discount store or a specialty store. In this article, a meta-analysis of 20 published articles in marketing examines the effects of price frames and situations on perceived savings. The results reveal many features that significantly influence perceived savings. For instance, while both the percent of deal and the amount of deal positively influence perceived deal savings, deal percent has more impact. Further, the presence of a regular price as an external reference price enhances the offer value of large plausible deal and implausible deals, but not of small plausible deals. Thus, high value deals should announce the regular price, but not low value deals. Overall, the results have several useful insights for designing promotions.     

Multiple reference effects in service evaluations: Roles of alternative attractiveness and self-image congruity

Customer satisfaction and service evaluation research has examined the reference effect but largely adopted an expectancy-disconfirmation paradigm that focuses on referents centered on the product or service in question. This study examines two additional reference effects, alternative attractiveness and self-image congruity, and their interaction. The framework of multiple reference effects in service evaluations integrates insights from regret theory, the investment model of interpersonal relationships, and self-image congruity theory. An empirical study of a hairstyling service confirms that comparisons involving other-object and self-based reference points contribute significantly to consumer service evaluations. Self-image congruity has the most significant impact on both customer satisfaction and commitment judgments. In general, the negative effect of alternative attractiveness on both customer satisfaction and commitment becomes weaker as the level of self-image congruity increases; as long as consumers find a good fit between their self-image and the service image, they are less likely to consider alternative services. However, for consumers with high self-image congruity with the focal service, the presence of an attractive alternative may induce them to exhibit an enhancement bias or “play up” effect (i.e., report higher satisfaction with the focal service).     

财务会计概念框架结构国际比较与启示

财务会计概念框架是由目标和相互关联的基本概念组成的连贯的理论体系,具有连贯、协调和内在一致性。内容主要涉及财务报告的目标、财务信息的质量特征、会计要素的划分、会计要素的确认、计量、列报和披露原则等。财务会计概念框架可以评价现有会计准则,指导未来会计准则的制定。本文通过对美国、英国、IASB、澳大利亚、加拿大、韩国、日本及我国的财务会计概念框架进行比较评价,发现各国概念框架体系结构及具体内容的不同,并分析了产生差异的背景原因,以期为我国构建财务会计概念框架提供借鉴参考。     

架空输电线路接地装置设计中的几个要点

架空输电线路的接地问题看似简单,可是操作起来却是非常复杂非常重要的问题,它直接关系到人身安全和设备安全,现在随着电力系统的发展,电网规模不断扩大,接地短路电流越来越大,对接地技术要求越来越高。文章简单介绍了架空线路杆塔的接地的设计方法和降低接地电阻的技术措施,以供探讨。     

关于顶管技术在市政排水工程中的应用探讨

伴随着科技的发展,近年来顶管施工技术在建筑行业得到广泛的应用及发展,尤其是在市政工程的建设中,得到更加广泛的应用。本文就对顶管技术的适用范围、特征、要点及注意事项进行深入阐述,为顶管技术今后在市政工程中的应用与发展提供理论依据。