美国金融危机对中国贸易影响的价格溢出效应分析

金融危机的贸易溢出效应主要是通过价格效应和收入效应实现的。中美两国存在密切的互补型贸易关系,本文就美国金融危机通过价格效应对我国贸易状况的影响进行了实证研究,并与收入效应的影响进行对比分析。研究发现,美国金融危机对我国贸易溢出的价格效应显著,而收入效应较小;美国金融危机对中国贸易的溢出效应主要是显著影响了出口,而对进口的影响较为短暂。     

人民币汇率升值:历史回顾、动力机制与前景展望

本文回顾了人民币汇率升值的历史进程,剖析了人民币汇率升值的动力机制,并对人民币汇率升值的前景进行了展望。无论从1994年汇率并轨还是从2005年央行重启汇率改革至今,人民币对美元名义汇率以及人民币有效汇率均经历了显著的升值过程。从利率平价、购买力平价、贸易余额与劳动生产率增速等短、中、长期维度来看,人民币对美元汇率依然存在一定的升值动力。下一阶段人民币对美元汇率走势取决于汇率政策制定过程中的博弈。考虑到贸易顺差、短期国际资本流动、输入性通胀与外部压力等因素的消长,下一阶段人民币对美元汇率的升值幅度有望显著放缓(由之前的年均5%～7%放缓至年均2%～3%),并伴随着人民币对美元汇率波动幅度的明显放大。     

Resource interaction in inter-organizational networks: Introduction to the special issue

This article introduces the special issue of Journal of Business Research on the topic of resource interaction in inter-organizational networks. Both networks and resources receive considerable attention in the field of business studies. As companies specialize further and rely on cooperative agreements with external parties, the importance of networks is gaining increasing recognition. Resources are typically a key factor for identifying a company's competencies, or its sources of growth, profitability, and sustained competitive advantage. This special issue takes a novel approach by directing attention toward the processes of interaction in which companies combine and recombine resources at the network level. This approach provides new insights into the development, production, exchange, and use of resources. The introductory article also reviews the 13 articles in this special issue and concludes by discussing their contributions to the fields of marketing, innovation, entrepreneurship, and logistics.     

Managing interaction for learning and value creation in exchange relationships

Firms create value by establishing and maintaining appropriate exchange relationships. However, beyond the generally recognized importance of trust and commitment, there is a lack of specific cues as to how such value creation can be managed. In an attempt to gain more insight this study examines the success formulas in three different types of interactions in exchange relationships. The purpose is to investigate how different types of interactions can be managed so that buyer firms make important contributions to the development of their suppliers' capabilities. The study empirically examines how inter-organizational management facilitates value creation in three different types of interactions in exchange relationships: unilateral learning, unilateral development, and bilateral learning. This study uses a partial least squares analysis (PLS) to analyze survey data from 142 exchange relationships in the seafood industry. The main contribution to the literature is the assessment of how various types of inter-organizational management promote value-creation initiatives (such as information supply and coaching), and ultimately, value creation.     

Moving resources across permeable project boundaries in open network contexts

This paper discusses how firms develop and use resources across a permeable project boundary and conceptualizes how a project can create value for a focal parent organization. Inspired by ideas on interaction and open innovation, we suggest a framework for analyzing the flow of resources based on the two dimensions; direction, whether the resource starts inside or outside the project, and mode, whether the resources cross the boundary once (uni-directionally) or twice (bi-directionally). The dimensions lead to four situations: Inside-out, Outside-in, Boomerang and Passing on. The framework is based on a single case study of an inter-organizational research project in plant biotechnology in a Swedish context. Through these four situations, the results show that a focal parent organization can create direct, indirect, relational potential and transactional potential value. The complex pattern of value creation in an open network context, raises the challenging question of how to capture the value created.     

A comparison of revenue growth at recent-IPO and established firms: The influence of SG&A, R&D and COGS

A dynamic view of the resource based theory (RBT) examines how a firm builds its resources over time, considering variations in resources' growth rates while the firm attempts to grow. Accordingly, we consider the elasticity of accumulated resources to assess conditions where these resources might serve as substitutes for rather than complements to COGS during periods of growth. We specify a production function that links aggregate resource allocation among SG&A, R&D and COGS expenses to a firm's revenue. This function yields a set of hypotheses on the elasticity of SG&A and R&D, and the productivity of COGS, while controlling for the revenue growth rate. We test these hypotheses on a dataset of 64 randomly selected firms that recently underwent an IPO, and a comparable set of 64 established public firms from four high-technology sectors. Results show that the accumulated stocks of resources can serve as substitutes for rather than complements to COGS, and the manner in which recent-IPO firms allocate and use resources differs from their established counterparts. We discuss the implications of associated elasticity and productivity results.     

The Effect of China＇s Individual Income Tax on Income Distribution： Based on Different Perspectives and Data from Different Sources

本文以税前后收入份额差距、平均税率作为指标,分别从纳税人与收入的角度对2000—2009年间我国个人所得税的再分配效应与累进性进行了考察。基于公开统计数据的计算表明：就纳税人角度而言,个人所得税在收入分配方面发挥了明显的正效应,而且还呈现出不断加强的累进性。基于学者王小鲁测算的数据所进行的计算则表明：个人所得税的再分配效应与累进性相对较弱,且从收入角度来看,个人所得税反而表现出累退性。有关结论的差异提示,改善征管与统计状况是转向分类综合模式个税,加强个税再分配功能的必要条件。     

个人所得税的累进性与再分配效应——以湖北省为例

以湖北省城镇调查数据为分析对象,以指数为工具,本文实证考察了我国个人所得税的累进性及再分配效应。得到的结论是我国个人所得税再分配效应很弱,但其原因并不在于税收的实际累进性小,而在于个人所得税的平均税率低,税收规模很小。同时,在各类收入中,工资性收入的个人所得税累进性很强,经营性收入及财产性收入的个人所得税累进性较差,甚至出现累退性。提高个人所得税规模、加强对经营性收入及财产性收入的税收征管、以家庭为单位征收是个人所得税进一步改革的方向。     

城乡人力资本投资行为关系研究——基于城镇示范性效应的分析视角

本文通过构建带有城镇示范性效应的农村人力资本投资理论模型,考察城镇人力资本投资对农村人力资本投资行为示范性影响效应。首先对模型中反映示范性效应的变量进行了ADF平稳性检验,初步判断出农村人力资本投资行为中城镇示范性效应影响的存在性。在此基础上构建基于OLS的误差修正模型分析检验城镇对农村人力资本投资的示范带动性效应及其程度。     

资源枯竭型城市发展服务业问题研究

加快发展服务业有利于转变经济发展方式;有利于扩大内需拉动经济增长;是广开城乡就业渠道、促进社会和谐的内在要求;是转变经济增长方式、调整产业结构、促进资源枯竭型城市经济转型的必然选择.本文探讨了资源枯竭型城市服务业发展存在的问题和不足,阐述了资源枯竭型城市发展服务业的必要性和紧迫性,在吸收借鉴国内外资源枯竭型城市发展服务业做法的基础上,指出服务业发展的生产性、消费性和农村服务业等重点领域,提出了服务业发展的主要措施:深化体制改革,激活服务业企业发展活力;进一步放宽市场准入,不断提高服务业对外开放水平;规范监督管理,优化服务业发展环境;创新机制,努力构筑现代服务业人才高地;加大投融资支持力度,扶持中小企业发展.