Developing effective reverse logistics programs

A recent survey in the automobile aftermarket industry examines reverse logistics practices. The research focuses on two key issues: 1) the influence of program design characteristics, i.e., formalization, returns policy restrictiveness, and innovation, on program performance and 2) the differential influence of making versus buying reverse logistics program software. The results provide guidelines for managerial decisions relating to reverse logistics.     

外商直接投资对中国商品进出口影响的实证分析

本文采用贸易引力模型,结合混合回归分析与横截面分析两种方法,对1992年至2004年外商对华直接投资对中国商品进出口、出口、进口的影响进行了实证分析。混合回归结果表明,外商对华直接投资对中国商品进出口、出口、进口的增长均存在长期且显著的促进作用,而且这种促进作用存在时滞。横截面分析结果表明,每年外商对华直接投资对于中国商品进出口、出口、进口的促进作用随着时间的推移是波动的,但从总趋势来看,这种促进作用在不断增强。     

Reverse importing and asymmetric trade and FDI: a networks explanation

This paper considers the impact of business and social networks on international trade and FDI. I propose that differences in the strength of network effects across countries can produce asymmetric trade and investment flows that may lead to trade friction. A firm from a country with strong network effects has a cost advantage in selling to buyers from its own country. This advantage results in lower inward FDI, lower total imports but larger volumes of reverse imports into the country with strong network effects. The model’s predictions match observed asymmetric trade and investment flows that sometimes lead to US-Japan trade friction.     

进口、外商直接投资与经济增长--基于中国的实证研究

改革开放20多年来,我国的进口与外商直接投资逐年增加,为我国经济的快速发展发挥了重要的作用,通过分析进口促进经济增长的内在机制之后,本文采用一个扩展的新古典生产函数,利用我国1982～2003年的年度时间序列数据,从实证角度对外商直接投资、尤其是进口对我国经济增长的促进作用进行了考察。研究结果表明,作为我国经济开放的两个重要内容--进口与外商直接投资,对我国的经济增长都有重要的推动作用。     

中国对外直接投资与全球价值链升级

研究目标：通过对行业层面和国家层面的对外直接投资（OFDI）逆向技术溢出效应的测定,从理论和实证上分析其对中国全球价值链的影响。研究方法：利用2003~2011年行业层面数据,采用两步系统动态GMM方法。研究发现：行业层面和国家层面的OFDI逆向技术溢出对中国全球价值链升级呈现显著的促进效应;但是在分行业视角下,对于技术密集型行业尤其是高新技术密集型行业,逆向技术溢出效应的促进效应并不显著;行业全要素生产率提升、行业贸易规模扩大均对行业全球价值链的升级具有显著的促进效应。研究创新：本文对于OFDI逆向技术溢出与中国全球价值链的嵌入程度和地位进行了全面实证分析。研究价值：在当前“一带一路”战略推进中,完善企业走出去相关政策机制,着重推动技术密集型企业参与对发达国家的直接投资,对中国全球价值链升级具有重要的价值和意义。     

Harmonization of food trade standards and regulations in ASEAN: the case of Malaysia's food imports

Regulatory heterogeneity continues to be identified as a challenge for food trade in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as the progress of harmonization of food standards among member states remains slow. Using a new and comprehensive database on nontariff measures (NTMs), this article examines the coverage, frequency, and diversity of NTMs for the food sector in Malaysia, and then estimates their impact on food imports from ASEAN. The food sector in Malaysia is found to be highly regulated, dominated by technical measures, namely, labeling for sanitary and phytosanitary and technical barriers to trade reasons, product quality, and restricted substances. The empirical results subsequently verify that, overall, technical measures are import restrictive. This article therefore contends that harmonization of food standards and regulations at the regional level is important for enhancing trade. However, building common ground for food safety regulations should be NTM‐ and sector‐specific, to realize progress in terms of regulatory convergence. This is particularly true for the food sector, since complete harmonization is not practical and not politically feasible.     

Repatriate knowledge transfer: Antecedents and boundary conditions of a dyadic process

In this study, we build on the ability-motivation-opportunity framework to test whether both repatriates’ disseminative capacity and domestic employees’ absorptive capacity as well as their opportunities for interaction affect repatriate knowledge transfer. Further, we examine the moderating effects of two distinctive factors associated with repatriate knowledge transfer: repatriate knowledge characteristics and characteristics of international assignments. Using multi-source time-lagged data from 101 dyads, we find support for most of our hypotheses. Our study contributes to theory and practice by providing an integrated analysis of antecedents and boundary conditions of repatriate knowledge transfer and by highlighting its dyadic nature.     

Building subsidiary local responsiveness: (When) does the directionality of intrafirm knowledge transfers matter?

The present study focuses on effects of subsidiary internal knowledge-based activities—knowledge transfer and reverse knowledge transfer—and absorptive capacity on local responsiveness. We also examine whether absorptive capacity, shared values, and psychological safety, representing constituents of the motivation-opportunity-ability model of behavior, moderate relationships of subsidiary internal knowledge-based activities with responsiveness. Based on a sample of 173 Chinese subsidiaries, the results suggest knowledge transfer and absorptive capacity facilitate local responsiveness. Shared values moderates positively and absorptive capacity negatively, the relationship between knowledge transfer and responsiveness. Psychological safety strengthens the link between reverse knowledge transfer and local responsiveness.     

商标平行进口相关问题探讨

国际社会对商标平行进口的法律规制至今未达成一致,Trips协议对这一问题采取了回避的态度。文章对平行进口的基本理论进行了评析,探讨了美国和欧盟、日本等国家有关商标平行进口的立法动态和司法实践,提出应立足于我国在国际贸易中的地位,建立有利于我国经济发展的商标平行进口法律制度。     

R＆D全球化、反向外溢与技术获取型FDI

在科技全球化浪潮冲击下．跨国公司产业竞争优势演化催生的R＆D资源全球转移为发展中国家实现技术获取型对外直接投资（TSFDI）．获取反向技术外溢创造了机遇。本文分析了跨国公司R＆D资源转移出现的背景．指出TSFDI是对接跨国公司R＆D资源的有效途径．并进而研究了TSFDI与反向技术外溢的关系，归纳了发展中国家TSFDI的现状。