Marx's value forms and Hayek's rules: a reinterpretation in the light of the dichotomy between physis and nomos

This paper argues that both Marx and Hayek objected to the dichotomybetween physis and nomos, and offered concepts which integrate,or mediate between, the two. Marx's value forms and Hayek'srules aim to grasp something neither purely natural nor purelyartificial or social, but ‘socially natural’. Valueforms and rules are natural in the sense that they pre-existagents and are taken by agents as given. On the other hand,forms and rules are social in that production relations or spontaneousorder are reproduced as the unintended consequences of agents'using forms or following rules. Thus value forms and rules standas links between agents and production relations or spontaneousorder.     

Organizational flexibility in Korean companies: rules and procedures on managerial discretion and employee behaviour

This paper examines organizational flexibility in Korea by concentrating on the rules and procedures on managerial and employee behaviours (safeguard and control rules), and their association with size, ownership, strategy and performance. The data reported were collected from forty-five organizations in South Korea. The results showed that flexibility in terms of low control rules (rules on employees) relates to innovation strategies, and lack of flexibility (high control rules) relates to cost-reduction strategies. The results also show that in Korea, a 'fit' between this aspect of organizational flexibility and strategy had a positive impact on organizational performance. Rules on managerial behaviour (safeguard rules) were strongly related to family or individual ownership in the Korean context. The implications of 'congruence' between organizational strategy and presence/absence of flexibility for employee behaviour are discussed.     

货币政策操作规范选择:基于交易成本政治学的一个解释

学术界对于货币政策操作规范选择问题的争论--规则与相机抉择之争,很少涉及一个重要的问题,即决定货币当局在规则与相机抉择之间进行抉择的因素是什么.运用交易成本政治学的分析框架对此问题作的剖析可以看出,货币当局是在政策得益与政策转换引致的交易成本的权衡中做出政策转换的决策的.     

The rules of abstraction

Friedrich Hayek’s work on spontaneous order suggests that the emergence of a spontaneous order requires the existence of abstract rules of conduct. But how much abstraction is required? Abstraction exists on a gradient, from the highest specificity (pertaining to particular persons and narrowly defined circumstances) to the highest generality (pertaining to all persons in all circumstances). If rules create order by coordinating expectations, either end of the spectrum is undesirable; the most specific and the most abstract rules fail to provide decision makers with useful guidance. This article argues that rules that foster coordination must be characterized by an intermediate degree of abstraction. This conclusion will be explained and applied to law, language, and etiquette in order to draw out the similar character of rules across various contexts. The article concludes by discussing four properties that rules of intermediate abstraction must also possess to foster spontaneous order.     

台湾同胞投资权益保护问题研究

祖国大陆在立法、执法、司法、法律服务方面较好地保护了台湾同胞投资权益,保护台湾同胞投资权益必须遵循一个中国原则、WTO原则以及循序渐进的原则等,以此,构建一个较为完整的台湾同胞权益保护体系。     

The constitution of networks

The idea of a constitution of networks may be a useful addition to our ways of understanding what happens within the business landscape. We describe a constitution of networks as a system of values, norms, rules and other conventions that are shared by actors in business networks. Whether by intention or not, the constitution of networks provides a framework within which interaction among actors takes place. We argue that companies invest in the selection and replication of interaction practices that evolve over time as customs or common use. This involves interaction aimed at developing or accessing resources for future use in the relationships between actors. In this way, the constitution of networks circumscribes the actors' appreciations and expectations about how they and others should conduct business.This study is based on empirical research conducted between 2002 and 2005 in business networks of consumer goods in the United Kingdom. Significant actors include multinational consumer goods companies, large grocery retailers, consumers and public authorities.     

国际贸易规则重构之非正式规则研究

在经济全球化的大背景下,国际贸易模式正经历着深刻变革,加速了国际贸易规则的重构。非正式规则作为传统多边国际贸易协议以及区域性自由贸易协定的补充和调整,其超越了传统国际造法的范畴,没有法律约束力,却为市场主要参与者高度认同且普遍遵守,因此能够有效避免和解决国际贸易争端、维持国际贸易秩序的稳定,并且免受国家政治、军事、经济等实力的影响。对非正式规则的研究,有助于我国参与到国际贸易规则重构中去。     

Monetary and fiscal policy interactions in a micro-founded model of a monetary union

This paper analyzes in detail the mechanisms behind fiscal stabilization policy and the role of policy commitment in a micro-founded New-Keynesian model of a two-country monetary union, which is hit by supply shocks. We also explore the determinants of the gains from fiscal stabilization. While monetary policy with identical union members is concerned with stabilizing the union-wide economy, fiscal policy aims at stabilizing inflation differences and the terms of trade. Besides exploring optimal policies, we also consider monetary and fiscal rules. We study these rules both under coordination and non-coordination by the fiscal authorities.     

新《企业财务通则》特点评析

从新旧《企业财务通则》对比的角度,对新《企业财务通则》进行了较全面的分析,并归纳总结出了十大特点,认为新《企业财务通则》在财务管理体制、内容等方面有诸多创新,对构建我国新型企业财务制度体系具有重大意义。     

Accounting for the U.K.'s Private Finance Initiative: An Interview-Based Investigation

This article investigates the development of the public sector accounting policy for the United Kingdom's Private Finance Initiative. A novel approach to investigating the development of accounting regulation is applied, based on interviews with persons involved in the process. A fuller explanation of events is obtained by going beyond published material that is already in the public domain in order to reflect the informal procedures which cause regulatory outcomes to be determined by negotiation and persuasion. The article concludes that the limited participation of public sector bodies at the formal stage of lobbying through written representations may not be critical in view of the existence of other means to influence the outcome of the regulatory process.