United we stand,divided we fall: historical trajectory of strategic renewal activities at the Scandinavian Airlines System, 1946–2012

Although the second half of the twentieth century saw the rise and fall of ‘multi-flag companies’ (MFCs) in the civil aviation industry, our understanding of how some managed to buck the trend and achieve longevity remains limited. This article advances business history and strategic management research by examining the strategic renewal activities of Scandinavian Airlines (formerly Scandinavian Airlines System [SAS]) during the period 1946–2012. The study sheds light on the key roles of private and state owners, rivals as well as banks, in critical financial phases are discussed in terms of longevity in the company. The longevity of the business stems from the leaders’ ability to develop as anticipated and respond to change in their competitive arena in close interaction with the owners. Thus, incumbent firms that strategically renew themselves prior to or during market reform, such as deregulation, enhance their chances of developing the size of their networks and revenue streams. Our main contribution to business history and strategic management literatures is the development of context-specific stages, which shed light on the evolution of strategic renewal activities and shifts from older processes and routines towards customer service and efficiency.     

出入境检验检疫系统检疫处理药剂的毒力测定及其计算机实现

采用国际通用的SAS统计分析软件编制检疫处理药剂毒力测定的计算机程序。以硫酰氟熏蒸杀灭蜚蠊的毒力测定计算为例,在SAS统计软件平台上运行编写的程序,以Bliss法计算LC50、95%可信限,并绘制＂剂量对数—几率值直线＂等图形。硫酰氟熏蒸杀灭蜚蠊的LC50值=4.35 g/m3,95%可信限为3.17g/m35.29 g/m3。采用SAS统计软件进行毒力测定数据分析,计算简便、快速、准确。     

Bayesian Fraud Risk Formula for Financial Statement Audits

In this article we extend the work of Loebbecke et al. (1989 ) and illustrate the use of an evidential reasoning approach for developing fraud risk analysis models under the Bayesian framework. New formulations facilitating fraud risk assessments are needed because decision tree approaches previously used to develop analytical models are not appropriate in complex situations involving several interrelated variables. To demonstrate the evidential reasoning approach, a fraud risk assessment formula is derived and illustrated. The fraud risk formula captures the impact of the presence or absence of and interrelationships between the three ‘fraud triangle’ risk factors: Incentives, Attitude and Opportunities. The formula includes the impact of risks and controls related to these three fraud risk factors as well as the impact of forensic audit procedures and relevant analytical and other procedures that provide evidence for the presence or absence of fraud. This formula may be used in audit practice both to help plan the audit and to assess fraud risk sequentially as audit evidence is obtained.     

关于PM2.5的统计学分析

通过计量经济学分析研究使得PM2.5值达到最低的影响因素最优组合方案。以SAS方程拟合与正交试验设计的理论方法为工具,选择PM2.5为研究对象,先用SAS拟合方程,并检验序列相关性、多重共线性以证明所拟合方程的可用性。再用正交试验设计的直观分析法确定因素水平的最优组合方案,通过用正交试验设计的方差分析法讨论因素的显著性,以确定最优组合即让PM2.5的值达到最低。     

基于主成分分析和聚类分析方法的上市金融公司的年报分析

本文利用2007年上市金融公司财务数据,用主成分分析、聚类分析等方法,对28家金融上市公司的数据用SAS软件进行了分析,得出分类结果,并对每一类分类进行分析,对指导价值投资具有积极的意义。     

浅谈安防系统在“平安校园”建设中的作用

高校如何利用视频监控系统及时发现、抑制、打击犯罪,提高侦破成果,使之成为"平安校园"建设的守护神。高校建立"110SAS"警务监控中心,使之具有防入侵、防抢劫、防破坏的安保功能,确保"平安校园"建设。     

生物信息学专业SAS统计分析与MATLAB应用教学探讨

选取SAS和MATLAB作为课程所用软件,通过结合具体的生物信息学研究实例学习,了解及掌握统计分析软件SAS和软件MATLAB的用法,为今后生物信息学软件的使用打好基础。