科创板基础性制度改革能否提升市场定价效率?

作为中国资本市场基础性制度改革的创新载体,科创板市场改革能否达到改革预期目标,是当前资本市场热切关注的重要问题。本文基于市场定价效率的视角,对科创板基础性制度改革下的定价机制改革效果进行评估,着重考察询价机制改革和价格限制改革对市场价格发现的影响效应。研究发现,相比主板及创业板市场(试点注册制改革之前),科创板市场定价效率显著提升、价格发现功能显著优化。从具体改革路径来看,询价机制改革更好地实现了发行定价市场化,通过“询价机构报价行为”路径提升了科创板新股发行定价效率,且促进了中长期理性定价;价格限制改革则更好地实现了交易定价市场化,不仅抑制了科创板新股首日溢价程度,也加速了市场日后均衡价格的形成。     

Regional Housing Prices in the USA: An Empirical Investigation of Nonlinearity

Existing literature on housing prices is predominantly in a linear framework, and an important question that has not been addressed is whether housing prices exhibit nonlinearity. We examine Smooth Transition Autoregressive (STAR) model based nonlinear properties of housing prices over the 1969–2004 period for the entire US and the four regions. Our main findings are (1) housing price for the entire US and all regions except for the Midwest show non-linearity, (2) the dynamic properties implied by the nonlinear estimation explain the typical patterns that have characterized each housing market, and (3) results of Granger causality tests look more plausible in the nonlinear framework where we find stronger evidence of Granger causality from housing price to employment and also from mortgage rates to housing price.

汇率的非线性波动与巴拉萨--萨缪尔森效应

将非线性平滑转移模型与巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应相结合,使用实际汇率对相对生产率进行回归,并在回归残差的基础上建立STAR模型。结果显示残差存在非线性波动,并且具有两个转换函数的STAR模型能够较好地反映残差的非线性波动特征。证明交易成本、市场参与者的异质性等因素影响了人民币汇率的形成,同时也说明巴拉萨-萨缪尔森效应影响了人民币实际汇率的均衡值。     

Cyclical Asymmetries in Unemployment Rates: International Evidence

This paper investigates to what extent the observed nonlinearities in the unemployment rates of six major developed economies are the response to cyclical asymmetries. Two classes of models are compared: strict smooth transition autoregressions and models where the transition variable is GDP growth, which is considered a more direct indicator of the business cycle. The empirical evidence points out that nonlinearities in unemployment rates are induced by cyclical asymmetries. It is also found that in most countries the unemployment rate looks stationary and reverts to a long-run equilibrium rate in periods of normal growth, while in extreme cyclical situations it tends to become nonstationary as if each extreme cyclical episode had its own path of equilibrium.      

中国长三角17家城市商业银行成本效率差异性分析——基于随机前沿对数成本函数模型的实证研究

通过多元线性回归分析方法,对2019年度70家科创板上市公司的资本结构及可能对其具有影响的科技因素进行描述统计,进一步研究科技因素对科创板上市公司资本结构的影响。研究发现：科创板上市公司资本结构与盈利能力、研发投入强度和研发技术人员比例负相关,与公司规模正相关,科创板上市公司融资方式的选择更倾向于权益性融资。因此,研究建议应推动企业成果转化,降低企业资金链风险;政府主导扶持政策落实,金融机构放宽融资要求;优化企业资本结构,充分利用多元化融资工具。     

中国宏观经济变量的时间趋势属性研究

本文提出了一种新的时间趋势属性的检验方法,该方法融合了非线性模型与线性模型。本文构建了三个Wald类检验统计量及一个稳健检验统计量,推导出了这些统计量的极限分布并分析了其有限样本下的统计性质。应用该检验程序,本文分析了我国24个重要宏观经济变量的时间趋势属性,结果表明,其中22个经济变量具有非线性平滑转移特征,其时间趋势属性表现为确定性。     

我国物价水平的非线性调整分析

在前人对我国物价水平与货币量、产出间的协整关系研究的基础上,本文重新审视了线性调整模型中不变调整速度的假设,并利用非线性调整模型进一步研究了它们之间短期偏离向长期均衡调整的速度问题。否定了不变调整速度的假定,肯定了短期偏离的非线性调整性,并解释了我国货币政策对物价水平影响差异的原因。     

EFFECT OF OIL PRICES ON STOCK MARKETS: EVIDENCE FROM NEW GENERATION OF STAR MODEL

This paper aims to introduce an evidence of new generations of smooth transition regression model (STAR). It proposes two different forms of STAR model. First: a time varying STAR model (TVSTAR), which identify the estimated coefficients at each point of time. Second: a full specification STAR model (FSSTAR) which provides a consistent estimate even in the existence of some measurement errors, omitted variables and even if the true functional form is unknown. This study will consider the two proposed models and the traditional STAR model to examine the nonlinear relation between oil price and stock market index for two countries (Egypt and Turkey). Our results confirm the existing of a non‐linear relation between oil prices and stock return for both countries. The suggested models gives more accurate information about the time varying effect of oil price changes on stock markets and robust forecasts.     

On the regime-switching and asymmetric dynamics of economic growth in the OECD countries

This study estimates the SETAR and STAR models and examines the regime-switching and asymmetric dynamics of economic growth for a comprehensive set of 10 OECD countries. The SETAR models of both Tsay and Hansen consistently reject the null hypothesis of linearity against the alternative hypothesis of threshold nonlinearity for all the sample countries. The STAR model reinforces the evidence and rejects the null hypothesis of linearity against STAR nonlinearity for all the sample countries, except Italy. The sequential F tests for the nested nulls suggest LSTAR nonlinearity for Austria, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands and New Zealand, and ESTAR nonlinearity for Finland, Germany and Norway. The forecast evaluations suggest that the SETAR models of Tsay and Hansen perform better, as compared to the AR, ARMA and STAR models. The forecasting performance of the STAR model is approximately similar to the forecasting performance of the linear AR and ARMA rivals. The persistence of lower regimes (with negative-growth or moderate-expansions) necessitates the need for the adoption of expansionary economic policies. While the longer durations of upper regimes (with positive-growth or fast-expansions) support the sustainability of the expansionary economic policies, the adequate precautions need to be taken for the inflationary implications of these policies.     

蒸汽发生器排污管嘴压降研究及蒸汽发生器管板排污孔设置方式探讨

本文通过对蒸汽发生器管板排污流道(包括排污管嘴)进行有限元建模分析,利用STAR CCM+程序模拟蒸汽发生器管板中实际流动情况,得到管嘴出口处压力值,为计算蒸汽发生器排污管嘴阻力系数K值提供有力支持。本文同时利用STAR CCM+对蒸汽发生器管板排污孔不同数量和不同位置分布的三种设置方式进行有限元模拟,探讨三种不同设置下近管板平面流场分布和排污能力差异。本文最后对三种不同排污孔设置下排污管嘴K值进行比较分析,综合探讨考虑排污效果、避免闪蒸两类因素下,排污孔最优设置方案。