My deal expires soon: Can time restriction and exclusivity induce clickthrough in hospitality promotional offers?

The high penetration level of information and communication technology presents challenges for hospitality marketers in designing a promotional offer that stands out from the plethora of social media posts and mobile text messages received by potential customers. Without users’ clickthrough on the posts or hyperlinks, purchases will not occur. This study explored time restriction as a determinant and offer exclusivity as a moderator of clickthrough. Drawing from a scenario-based experiment, the results showed that a time-restricted offer, but not an exclusive offer, induced clickthrough intention through positive offer evaluation. A convergent result was revealed in the field experiment that examined actual clickthrough. Moreover, the time restriction effect was contingent on offer exclusivity. Their dynamics add knowledge to the advertising and hospitality marketing literature. It is recommended that hospitality marketers impose time restrictions to increase clickthrough rate and it is not advisable to incorporate exclusivity messages in their promotional offers.     

地铁运营筹备阶段仓储管理工作的问题及思考

文中主要讨论西安地铁运营筹备阶段仓储管理存在的问题,并从五个方面分别进行了阐述。为了有效解决问题,共从十四个方面提出整改措施。     

The ABC's of ACB: Unveiling a clear and present danger in the sales force

While anti-citizenship behavior (ACB) is under-researched across all academic domains, sales and marketing researchers have not done any work in the area. This oversight is significant given recent survey data that suggests sales representatives are misbehaving at an alarming rate; 60% of sales managers have caught their reps cheating on expense reports (an example of ACB) and 36% believe such behavior has gotten worse over the past several years. Directed towards the goal of understanding salesperson ACB, this research provides the first conceptual model of ACB in the sales force. The model contends that characteristics of the organization (justice and intra-firm competition) and contextual factors (fit and job stress) directly affect the performance of ACB while individual level factors (locus of control, self-monitoring and introversion) moderate the performance of these behaviors. In addition, this research explains the intra- and inter-organizational consequences of salesperson ACB and suggests several ways by which managers can address this issue.     

Nationality background of MNC affiliates' top management and affiliate performance in Japan: knowledge-based and upper echelons perspectives

Drawing from the knowledge-based view of multinational corporations (MNCs) and the upper echelons perspective along with the theory of job demands, we examine the relationship between nationality background of MNC affiliates' top management (i.e. expatriates or host country nationals) and affiliate performance. Using a sample of 643 foreign MNC affiliates from 31 countries operating in Japan, we found that when the length of an affiliate operation was shorter, the affiliate performed better under the expatriate managing director rather than the Japanese managing director. We also found that when the size of an affiliate was larger and the length of operation was shorter, the affiliate performed better under the larger rather than smaller proportion of expatriates in the top management team. Implications for research and practice on top management staffing of MNC foreign affiliates are discussed.     

MNC's competitive strategies,experiences, and staffing policies for foreign affiliates

This study investigates the relationship between the strategic role of a multinational corporation's (MNC) foreign affiliates and its international staffing policy. Specifically, this study examines how an MNC's decision on expatriation is affected by strategic roles assigned to foreign affiliates: global integration of activities versus local market seeking. An empirical study is conducted using a sample of 808 foreign affiliates of Japanese firms. The research findings suggest that strategic roles of foreign affiliates alone may not adequately explain the international staffing policies of Japanese MNCs. Rather, we found a significant moderating effect of international as well as host country experience on staffing practices for foreign affiliates. While the staffing policies of MNCs striving for improving global efficiency of their operation are moderated by both international and host country experience, those seeking a specific local market position are influenced only by host country experience.     

A white-boxed ISSM approach to estimate uncertainty distributions of Walmart sales

We present our solution for the M5 Uncertainty competition. Our solution ranked sixth out of 909 submissions across all hierarchical levels and ranked first for prediction at the finest level of granularity (product-store sales, i.e. SKUs). The model combines a multi-stage state-space model and Monte Carlo simulations to generate the forecasting scenarios (trajectories). Observed sales are modelled with negative binomial distributions to represent discrete over-dispersed sales. Seasonal factors are handcrafted and modelled with linear coefficients that are calculated at the store-department level.     

基于“零冗员”的公共部门人员编制“协适”机制研究——以广东省某管理学院为例

基于目前机构编制运行发展轨迹上宿命性＂收放循环＂、＂减而复增＂怪圈,为实现公共部门＂零冗员＂需要进行人员编制框架的重新构建。人员编制创新设计首先应进行公共部门职位类别定位并据此有选择性地进行价值量、工作量、成本、行业、历史和经验分析的定编路径确认,然后可基于管理复杂性动态地进行＂协适＂性的微观、中观和宏观系统分析和把握,采取相互验证、综合分析模式进行最终确认和验证。对此广东省某高校公共管理学院提供了实证案例。     

人员配置模型在商业银行人力资源管理中的应用

人力资源配置是商业银行人力资源管理与开发的焦点问题,人力资源对商业银行经营效益的贡献度,主要取决于商业银行人员配置的效率。目前,关于商业银行人员配置模式的理论研究均不太深入。按照现代人力资源管理的思想,结合中国商业银行人员配置的现状和特点,建立了人员配置模型,从而为商业银行如何实现科学的人员配置开辟了一个全新的视角。     

Optimal pricing, production rate, and quality under learning effects

This study investigates the marketing and production problem for a monopolist firm where price, quality and production rate are simultaneous dynamic decision variables under the condition of a dynamic demand that depends on price, quality and cumulative sales. The formulated continuous profit maximization model follows the steps for dynamic optimization to derive optimal price, quality and production policies, wherein a unit production cost that decreases with cumulative production reflects the cost learning effect. Through the differentiable multiplicatively separable demand function, this study analyzes optimal trajectories for determining price, quality, and production rate. The results specify several optimal policies and policy makers would gain insight into the consequence of their decisions that otherwise might have been obscured by sub-optimal analysis.     

Back to the roots of the M/D/s queue and the works of Erlang, Crommelin and Pollaczek

A.K. Erlang introduced the M/D/ s queue in 1917, while F. Pollaczek and C.D. Crommelin formalized the theory using complex analysis and transforms. Let D ( s , λ ) denote the stationary probability of experiencing no waiting time in the M/D/ s queue with arrival rate λ and service requirement 1. We use D ( s , λ ) as a vehicle to give an overview of some of the results we obtained over the last years, including explicit characterizations of the roots, the derivation of infinite series from expressions in terms of roots using Fourier sampling and heavy-traffic limits obtained from square-root staffing. We propose to call D ( s , λ ) the Erlang D formula, for which several new results are presented and compared with the results of Pollaczek.