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排序方式: 共有318条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
Word-of-mouth (WOM) communication has long been an important source of information influencing consumer attitudes and purchase behaviour. Despite this, relatively little attention has been directed at important questions regarding how WOM is measured. This paper focuses on two measurement issues: who to measure (the giver or receiver) and when to measure (immediately after the message is received or over time). Based on information processing and related theories, three hypotheses were developed and tested. Using a survey approach, respondents' WOM communications were matched to a receiver and the evaluation of the communication was assessed for both groups. It was found that the giver and receiver of a WOM communication did not evaluate the message in the same way, even at the time of transmission. In addition, the evaluation by the receiver was unstable over time. As time passed the evaluation regressed towards the scale mean. Implications for research and management practice are discussed. 相似文献
72.
We construct a multi-sector search and matching model where the unemployed receives idiosyncratic productivity shocks that make working in certain sectors more productive than in the others. Agents must decide which sector to search in and face moving costs when leaving their current sector for another. In this environment, unemployment is associated with an additional risk: low future wages if mobility costs preclude search in the appropriate sector. This introduces a new role for unemployment benefits – productivity insurance while unemployed. For plausible parameterizations unemployment benefits increase per-worker productivity. In addition, the welfare-maximizing benefit level decreases as moving costs increase. 相似文献
73.
央行货币政策操作政策拐点与开关函数的测定 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
货币政策操作是政府对经济进行宏观调控的重要手段。不同的国家和地区、不同的经济发展时期,其货币政策的运用效果及特点存在明显的差异。赵进文、闵捷(2005)的研究结果表明:在1993年第1季度至2004年第2季度期间,我国货币政策操作在效果上表现出明显的非对称性,具有很强的非线性特征。在此基础上,本文首先通过Terasvirta检验法判定了央行货币政策操作开关函数的类型,之后基于先进而复杂的T-O-O网格点搜索法,测定了我国货币政策操作的政策拐点与开关函数的具体形式。 相似文献
74.
Shakun Datta 《Experimental Economics》2007,10(2):197-198
This dissertation comprises three independent essays that analyze pricing behavior in experimental duopoly markets.
The first essay examines whether the content of buyer information and the timing of its dissemination affects seller market
power. We construct laboratory markets with differentiated goods and costly buyer search in which sellers simultaneously post
prices. The experiment varies the information on price or product characteristics that buyers learn under different timing
assumptions (pre- and post-search), generating four information treatments. Theory predicts that price information lowers
the equilibrium price, but information about product characteristics increases the equilibrium price. That is, contrary to
simple intuition, presence of informed buyers may impart a negative externality on other uninformed buyers. The data support
the model's negative externality result when sellers face a large number of robot buyers that are programmed to search optimally.
Observed prices conform to the model's comparative statics and are broadly consistent with predicted levels. With human buyers,
however, excessive search instigates increased price competition and sellers post prices that are significantly lower than
predicted.
The second essay uses experimental methods to demonstrate the anti-competitive potential of price-matching guarantees in both
symmetric and asymmetric cost duopolies. When costs are symmetric, price-matching guarantees increase the posted prices to
the collusive level. With asymmetric costs, guaranteed prices remain high relative to prices without the use of guarantees,
but the overall ability of guarantees to act as a collusion facilitating device depends on the relative cost difference. Fewer
guarantees, combined with lower average prices, suggest that cost asymmetries may discourage collusion.
The third essay investigates the effect of firm size asymmetry on the emergence of price leadership in a homogeneous good
duopoly. With discounting, the unique subgame-perfect equilibrium predicts that the large firm will emerge as the endogenous
price leader. Independent of the level of size asymmetry, the laboratory data indicates that price leadership by the large
firm is one of the most frequently observed timings of price announcement. In most cases, however, it comes second to simultaneous
price-setting. This tendency to wait for the other firm to announce its price is especially strong when the level of size
asymmetry between firms is low. We attribute the lower than expected frequency of price leadership to coordination failure,
which is further compounded by elements of inequity aversion.
JEL Classification C91, D43, D83, L11
Dissertation Committee:
Timothy Cason (Chair), Department of Economics, Purdue University
Dan Kovenock, Department of Economics, Purdue University
Stephen Martin, Department of Economics, Purdue University
Marco Casari, Department of Economics, Purdue University 相似文献
75.
Comparison of consumer reactions to price-matching guarantees in internet and bricks-and-mortar retail environments 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The present study investigates consumer responses to price-matching guarantees (PMGs) in the Internet environment and contrasts
them with their responses in a traditional bricks-and-mortar retail environment. The effect of store reputation on consumer
responses to price-matching policies is also investigated in both Internet and bricks-and-mortar retail settings. Two studies
using a 2 × 2 × 2 between-subjects full factorial experimental design with two levels of PMG presence (PMG present, PMG absent),
two levels of retail environment (Internet, bricks-and-mortar), and two levels of store reputation (no/low reputation, high
reputation) were conducted. In study 1 reputation was manipulated using store names, while in study 2 the reputation was manipulated
using store characteristics. The findings of two studies suggest that consumer reactions to price-matching guarantees, such
as store price perceptions, postpurchase search intentions, and willingness to claim a refund if a lower competitive price
is found, differ across the two purchase environments. 相似文献
76.
This paper integrates labor market search into an intertemporal utility maximization framework and analytically solves for equilibrium dynamics. The integrated model improves upon a neoclassical model by generating the realistic hump-shaped response of output to a productivity shock and the counterclockwise dynamics of job vacancies and unemployment around the Beveridge curve. In contrast to a standard search model, our model endogenizes agents' reservation wage as the marginal rate of substitution between leisure and consumption, through which agents' intertemporal consumption decision directly affects the labor market behavior. As a result, even a permanent productivity shock generates non-monotonic dynamics in employment. 相似文献
77.
78.
We develop a search-matching model in which mobility costs are so high that it is too costly for workers to relocate when a change in their employment status occurs. We show that, in equilibrium, wages increase with distance to jobs and commuting costs because firms need to compensate the transportation cost difference between the employed and unemployed workers at each location in the city. We also show that the equilibrium land rent is negatively affected by the unemployment benefit because an increase in the latter induce firms to create less jobs, which, in turn, reduces the competition in the land market. We then use this model to provide a mechanism for the observed spatial mismatch between where black workers live and where jobs are. We finally show that a transportation policy consisting in subsidizing the commuting costs of black workers can increase job creation and reduce unemployment if the level of the subsidy is set at a sufficiently high level. 相似文献
79.
Yue Fang 《Applied economics》2013,45(6):697-703
The paper reports further empirical evidence on seasonality in foreign exchange volatility using high-frequency data. Using a basis of the signal plus noise framework, the approach decomposes tick-by-tick Reuters FXFX quotes into a random walk and a stationary component, termed the efficient price and the pricing error, respectively. The efficient price is not directly observable and is an approximation of the ‘true’ value. The pricing error captures the deviation between the observed indicative quote and the efficient price. Under the proposed model, daily and intraday volatilities of the efficient price are estimated. A pronounced pattern of volatility is uncovered and appears related to the daily activity cycle of major organized stock exchanges. It is argued that seasonality in volatility is a symptom of foreign exchange markets. Results confirm Andersen and Bollerslev's findings that significant seasonal effects are one important determinant of overall volatility at high frequencies. 相似文献
80.
Because unemployment benefit reforms tend to package together changes to job search requirements, monitoring and assistance, few existing studies have been able to empirically isolate the effects of job search monitoring intensity on the behaviour of unemployment benefit claimants. This paper exploits periods where monitoring has been temporarily withdrawn during a series of Benefit Office refurbishments — with the regime otherwise unchanged — to allow such identification. During these periods of zero monitoring the hazard rates for exits from claimant unemployment and for job entry both fall. 相似文献