基于应用导向的高职网络支付与结算课程教学内容设计

本文在对高等职业院校电子商务专业网络支付与结算课程教学现状进行简要介绍的基础上,重点提出了基于应用导向的网络支付与结算课程教学内容的优化设计,并对教学的各个模块所涉及的教学内容进行了逐一阐述,并提出了该课程教学的重难点以及突破重难点的策略。     

Payments for agrobiodiversity conservation services for sustained on-farm utilization of plant and animal genetic resources

This paper discusses the potential application of Payment for Ecosystem Services-like schemes to tackle market failures associated with the public good characteristics of agrobiodiversity conservation services. So called payments for agrobiodiversity conservation services (PACS) would increase the private benefits from utilizing local plant and animal genetic resources on-farm through voluntary reward mechanisms, so as to sustain their on-farm conservation. Theoretical and applied insights about PACS are discussed and attention drawn to some of the challenges to be overcome in implementing PACS. In particular, these relate to the identification of potential buyers, the complex institutional setting in which PACS might operate and the articulation of a meaningful conservation goal based on a safe minimum standard approach. The latter is urgently needed, so as to ensure that additional agrobiodiversity services are generated. Relative to a fixed pricing approach, PACS schemes that seek to overcome information asymmetries through the use of conservation auctions may be associated with significant efficiency gains. However, potential trade-offs between ecological effectiveness, economic efficiency, and social equity considerations need to be carefully evaluated.     

我国初次分配中的两极分化及成因

本文基于我国1978—2002年间居民在初次分配中的要素所得,采用核密度函数估计各省区的收入分布,加总得到全国的收入分布,进而考察我国初次分配中的收入分布演进。主要发现是,我国收入分布不断向右平移,逐渐呈现双峰分布,这直观地刻画了我国要素收入快速增长以及在初次分配中就呈现两极分化的现状;两极分化主要是由劳动贡献这个分配标准在产业间的差异造成的,要素贡献的其他差异对我国收入分布的扭曲程度为2%—15%。这些发现意味着,缓解、消除两极分化在于校正、消除经济体现有的一些扭曲及其对收入分配标准的影响,健全现行收入分配制度的运行环境。     

转移支付能提升产业集聚水平吗?

本文应用Riou(2006)的研究框架,分析转移支付对产业集聚水平的影响,发现转移支付有利于提高产业集聚水平,但地区间竞争会降低转移支付效率;同时转移支付存在一个最优规模。利用1995～2008年中国省级面板数据进行实证检验,研究表明,中国的转移支付水平与产业集聚之间呈现"倒U形"关系,转移支付和地区竞争对产业集聚的影响存在地区性差异,东部地区的转移支付效率相对较高。因此,需要综合利用政策手段,提高中西部地区的产业集聚水平。     

Stock option compensation: impact of expense recognition on performance indicators of non-domestic companies listed in the U.S.

The IFRS 2, Share-based Payment, requires that companies recognize the fair value of employee stock options as an expense. To ascertain the impact recognition will have on companies domiciled in countries subject to accounting standards issued by the IASB’s liaison standard setting partners, this research examines the pro forma stock option disclosures provided in Form 20-F by Australian, British, Canadian, French, German, Japanese, and Irish companies.The findings indicate the average impact of expense recognition on diluted EPS will be approximately 40% and will be material at a 5% level for the majority of the companies. The impact varies significantly by country. On average the annual expense recognized will be approximately 15% of beginning stockholders equity. For the majority of the companies, the charge will represent less than 1% of beginning equity. Again the impact varies significantly by country.The findings indicate that absent requirements that stock compensation expense be recognized, a material upward bias will be reflected in performance indicators of many non-U.S. companies and cross-border comparability will be impaired. Since our analysis is based solely on data for the year 2000 for companies domiciled in seven countries, future research will be needed to ascertain the impact of expense recognition on a broader range of companies reporting under IFRS 2.     

开放经济下资金供求非均衡与中国对外直接投资

当前中国出现了相对过剩的国内大规模储蓄和外资大量流进并存的现象；国际收支表现为双顺差和巨额外汇储备；与此同时，国内资金也在大规模的外流，出现了资本流动怪圈。这种资金供求非均衡状态有许多负面影响。而引进外资是现代化建设所必须的，因此，进行对外直接投资是一种较好的选择。     

The impact of economic factors on treatment results for tumor inpatients in the under-developed Western region of China

Objective:

To discuss the influences of economic factors on the treatment outcomes of cancer patients and the relaxation effects of medical insurance policies on the influences of economic factors.

Method:

The concentration index (CI) and horizontal inequality (HI) of treatment outcomes of cancer patients were calculated and the role of the economy, disease, and other factors to HI was analyzed by describing the influence of treatment expense on the treatment outcomes of different cancer patients.

Results:

The study showed that the equity of the death rate and the effective rate of six types of cancer patients was good. The HI of the cure rate was 0.225, indicating a strong, pro-rich inequity of the cancer inpatient cure rate, while the contribution of the economic factors to HI was 0.158. The uncured rate in the low-cost group represented the rate of patients who discontinued the treatment; the HI was ?0.324, indicating a strong, pro-poor inequity. The relaxation effect on the HI of the cured rate by medical insurance was 14.9%, while the effect on the HI of the uncured rate was 18.7%.

Conclusion:

At present, medical insurance has demonstrated relaxation effects on the fairness of treatment outcomes to some extent. The main reason for this inequity comes from the payment of the items at present. To relieve such inequity to a greater extent, the payment system should be changed and diagnosis-related groups should be implemented.     

关于农行开展小额现金代理支付业务的思考

2009年11月,吉林省农行推出了小额现金代理支付业务。此业务在延伸和拓展有效金融服务、解决金融机构乡镇金融服务方面空白的问题,加大支农服务力度方面进行了有效尝试,但试点过程中暴露的操作风险及制约业务发展的问题应予关注。本文对该项业务试点过程中的主要做法和存在问题进行了分析,并据此提出了相应的对策建议。     

宽带薪酬在新疆企业中的应用分析

内容提要：宽带薪酬作为一种新型的薪酬设计方法,近年来受到企业界和理论界的关注。本文从宽带薪酬的内涵与优势特征出发,分析了宽带薪酬在新疆企业的适用性,进而提出了推行宽带薪酬模式需要注意的几个相关问题,为薪酬体制改革提供借鉴和参考。     

转移支付制度与县乡财政体制构建

地方财政问题本质上不是一个技术性问题,而是一个制度创新问题,但自1994年至今,我们一直在技术的层面上进行,即税率的增降、税种的开征与停征以及收入共享的划分等,而从未考虑过用制度创新来解决县乡财政问题.虽然短期内技术层面的操作能解决暂时的表面上的矛盾,但从长期来看,往往酝酿着更深层次、更激烈的矛盾.制度上的创新要求一方面要逐步建立民主的理财机制,另一方面要重构县乡财政体制的新框架,明晰界定县乡两级政府事权,培育新的主体税种,下放税权并且加大转移支付力度.如果制度上的创新能够真正实行,那么县乡财政问题可望从根本上得到解决.