创业驱动的区域创新体系模型及其运行机制研究

本文在区域创新体系框架下,基于对美国硅谷区域创新体系的深入分析,归纳出一种创业驱动的区域创新体系模型,并对其运行机制进行了探讨,旨在对国内区域创新体系的建设起到启示与借鉴作用。     

Growing Silicon Valley on a landscape: an agent-based approach to high-tech industrial clusters

We propose a Nelson-Winter model with an explicitly defined landscape to study the formation of high-tech industrial clusters such as those in Silicon Valley. The existing literature treats clusters as the result of location choices and focuses on how firms may benefit from locating in a cluster. We deviate from this tradition by emphasizing that high-tech industrial clusters are characterized by concentrated entrepreneurship. We argue that the emergence of clusters can be explained by the social effect through which the appearance of one or a few entrepreneurs inspire many followers locally. Agent-based simulation is employed to show the dynamics of the model. Data from the simulation and the properties of the model are discussed in light of empirical regularities. Variations of the model are simulated to study policies that are favorable to the high-tech economy.JEL Classification: L11, R12This paper has been presented at the 9th International Schumpeter Society Conference in Gainesville, Florida, the Western Economic Associations 77th Annual Conference in Seattle, Washington, the 24th Annual Research Conference of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management in Dallas, Texas, and the Workshop on Industry and Labor Dynamics: The Agent-Based Computational Economics Approach in Turin, Italy. I would like to thank Rob Axtell, Giovanni Dosi, Olav Sorenson, and an anonymous referee for their comments, suggestions, and encouragement. I am grateful to Nikesh Patel for his superb assistance.     

Hedging securities and Silicon Valley Bank idiosyncrasies

Hedging requires adequacy and timing. This paper finds that banks did not systematically ignore balance-sheet risks like Silicon Valley Bank (SVB), and instead exercised risk management by asymmetrically increasing hedging activity when security losses increase and scaling back hedging activity as security losses reverse. Banks also hedge against bank runs when risk increases due to a combination of security losses and funding risks from unsecured deposits. Findings suggest SVB's mistakes are idiosyncratic. Results suggest that nonstress test banks target balance-sheet risks when hedging, stabilizing themselves from interest rate shocks transmitted through fixed-income securities. Scrutiny of rules-based outliers like SVB is preferable to increased regulatory burden for all nonstress test banks.     

X射线荧光光谱法分析硅锰合金中的硅、锰、磷

对硅锰合金进行熔融制片，使用X 射线荧光光谱仪对硅锰合金进行分析，选择合适的分析条件，确定仪器最佳参数，建立校准曲线。试验证明，本方法测量结果与经典化学方法结果相吻合，且本方法分析速度快，结果准确，能够满足实际生产需要，可为相关部门提供参考。     

Taiwan's Entrepreneurs and International Coordination: Evolution of Global Production Network in Electronics and IT Industries

Abstract

This study applies the concept of coordinating entrepreneurship to explain the emergence of global production network. More specifically, this study explains and illustrates how Taiwan-born technopreneurs move between Silicon Valley and Taiwan's Hsinchu, thereby promoting Taiwan's computer and information technology (IT) industries. With their entrepreneurial spirit and social network, Taiwan-born technopreneurs even turn Dongguan, a farming village in south China, into a modern IT industrial city. This paper concludes that as a result of the coordinating efforts of these entrepreneurs, electronics and computer plants scattered around the globe are integrated into a global production network, as illustrated by IT firms in Silicon Valley, Hsinchu and Dongguan.     

美国硅谷发展现状分析及启示

硅谷作为世界高技术中心,其成长道路和成功经验深刻地影响着各国高技术企业的发展。本文选取美国硅谷作为研究对象,分析硅谷发展的现状及成因,并得出硅谷发展的启示,为高技术企业的成长与发展提供借鉴。     

A moving target: The geographic evolution of Silicon Valley, 1953–1990

This article provides an empirical examination of high-tech firm location data from 1953 to 1990 to show a dramatic shift in geographic centre of what is now called Silicon Valley. Universities (most notably Stanford), venture capital and law firms acted as magnets for divisions of established firms and local start-ups. These institutions combined with the Santa Clara County’s available land to pull the high-tech region’s epicentre south-eastwards from San Francisco, an early source of investment capital and legal expertise. These findings add another element (spatial change) for consideration in explaining the evolution of industry clusters.     

硅谷绿色能源经济发展及启示

当今国际倡导的绿色能源经济架构,不仅契合了全球经济日趋紧迫的可持续发展现实需求,更是新一轮科技革命中,各国积极培育经济增长点、抢占创新高地的重要战略。以这一趋势的领跑者——硅谷为研究对象,分析其绿色能源经济发展现状、驱动机制和相关策略,总结其经验,为我国经济可持续发展提供决策借鉴。     

分光光度法测定铁矿石中的二氧化硅和五氧化二磷

试样经碳酸钠、硼酸和四硼酸钠混合助溶剂碱熔,硝酸酸化定容后,以铋磷钼黄分光光度法测定五氧化二磷;在草酸存在下,以硫酸亚铁铵为还原剂,硅钼蓝法测定二氧化硅,本方法操作简单、快速,具有较好的精密度和准确度。     

镍-磷-碳化硅镀层制备工艺的研究

为了提高化学复合镀层的性能,采用纳米碳化硅颗粒为增强体制备了镍-磷-碳化硅化学复合镀层,研究了温度、pH、搅拌速率对镍-磷-碳化硅镀层沉积速率的影响,确定了最佳施镀工艺:温度为84℃、pH值为4.6、搅拌速度为200r·min-1。