全球视角下的中国工业转型升级制约因素分析

国内外经济环境的变化迫使中国工业转型升级,然而在经济全球的时代,中国工业转型升级除了面临内需空间不足、创新收益不高、人才往行政部门流动和教育支撑不够等问题,还受到发达国家振兴制造业战略、技术封锁、迫使人民币升值和跨国公司在华市场竞争的制约。     

Forestry,Forest Fires,and Climate Change in Indonesia

In recent months, strong global growth, rebounding commodity prices, and relatively accommodative financial conditions have benefited the Indonesian economy. The first quarter of 2017 in Indonesia saw resilient GDP growth, moderate inflation, stable exchange rates, an increase in the growth of non-oil exports, and an investment upgrade from ratings agency Standard & Poor's. Investment growth, however, did not pick up enough to drive overall growth to a higher rate. The poor quality of banking-sector assets and the gaps in tax revenue—despite the fulfilment of the government's tax-amnesty program—are two of the most immediate economic concerns. President Joko Widodo (Jokowi), who is well into the second half of his term, is under pressure to deliver on his development platform, which includes making progress in sustainable development and climate change mitigation. The effective management of forests is key to this platform. There has been longstanding tension over Indonesia's forests between the protection of environmental values, including carbon storage, and the production of valuable commodities, including timber, palm oil, and pulpwood, which generate revenue and employment. We survey recent developments in four storylines related to forestry and climate change: first, Indonesia's commitment to reducing emissions to 29%–41% below projected business-as-usual levels by 2030, as well as the international climate agreements and finance that can help achieve this commitment; second, land-use rights and regulations, including a moratorium on clearing, draining, or setting fires on peatland; third, measures to prevent catastrophic forest fires like those during the 2015 El Niño, including the establishment of the Peatland Restoration Agency; and, fourth, the actions of non-state actors, especially large agribusinesses, in managing forests and peatland. We conclude by discussing differences in the approaches of Jokowi's administration and those of former president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's administration and by questioning whether Indonesia's budgeted resources, actions, and results to date are commensurate with its climate commitments.     

“民工荒”的成因及现实意义

利用刘易斯二元经济下的剩余劳动力转移模型,分析我国长期低工资水平下的“民工潮”,并建立一个民工供给成本上升、民工市场信息不对称条件下的民工市场的分析框架。该分析框架既希望回答“民工潮”期间民工工资为何长期维持在较低水平的问题,又试图说明在大量剩余劳动力存在的情况下“民工荒”出现的原因。“民工荒”既是社会经济发展的结果,又是推动社会经济进一步发展的原因。我国目前的“民工荒”是一个短期现象。     

金融危机条件下浙江民营企业的转型升级

本文首先分析了金融危机使浙江民营企业遭际的困难;其次,文章分析了在金融危机条件下,为什么有的民营企业破产,而有的民营企业却岿然不动。接着,文章阐述了浙江民营企业如何转型升级以及浙江省市政府如何促进民营企业的转型升级。另外,文章还对"转型"与"升级"的概念做了界定。     

关于中国纺织业转型与升级的思考

纺织业作为我国的传统产业,对国民经济的发展发挥着非常重要的作用。自20世纪80年代以来,纺织品服装出口一直处于全国首位,其进出口贸易的巨额顺差成为我国外汇收入和资金积累的重要来源。但是人民币持续升值,出口退税率下调,企业成本大幅度上升,美国次贷危机引发经济衰退等,使中国纺织业面临了前所未有的严峻考验与危机。本文从纺织发展的相关理论出发,结合我国纺织业的现状,提出了关于我国纺织业转型的一些建议。     

江苏沿海地区的产业定位分析

最近经国务院批准的《江苏沿海地区发展规划》的公布,标志着江苏沿海开发正式上升为国家战略,这里成为国人乃至世界瞩目的热点,更是江苏沿海产业难得的发展机遇。如何抓住这次机遇,优化产业结构,增强产业活力,高起点打造沿海产业带,是江苏沿海开发的重点和亮点。本文将从产业理论、沿江实证、产业发展现状以及产业定位四个方面就江苏沿海地区产业定位问题展开分析。     

建设产业转移示范区 推动安徽产业升级的对策

安徽欲借建设皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区的契机,推动安徽产业升级的实现。为此,本文不仅阐述了皖江城市带承接产业转移示范区的优势,还分析了制约安徽产业升级的因素,并提出相应的对策。     

比较优势动态转换与产业升级——基于中国制造业发展指标的国际比较

通过对国内外比较优势与产业升级理论的梳理,创新性地将其概括为比较优势动态转换的三条途径与产业升级的四个维度,并将二者结合起来,构建中国制造业比较优势动态转换与产业升级的理论框架,对中国制造业发展指标进行国际比较研究,得到如下结论:从垂直结构升级考察,中国制造业呈现全方位崛起的态势,完成了从低端产业向高端产业的升级;从水平结构升级考察,依据进口中间品国内配套增值率指数测算,中国制造业国内集成配套能力较强,但依据进出口中间品增值率指数测算,中国制造业在全球价值链中分工地位较低;从产业效率考察,中国制造业技术效率世界领先;而全要素生产率及其分解显示,中国制造业技术进步水平还存在较大的差距;从产业效益考察,中国制造业增加值率低下,但作为增加值构成要素的税收占比很高,中国制造业出口占总产值比重在世界排序较低,中国内需市场潜力巨大。     

“一带一部”定位下湖南县域经济升级发展思考

通过分析湖南县域经济的发展现状,探索 “一带一部”新定位下县域经济升级发展的战略思路,初步提出县域经济升级发展的主要推动力来自全面深化体制改革、工业园区转型升级、纵深推进“两型”示范区建设和加快新型城镇化建设四个方面。     

劳动力供给变化影响制造业升级的机理及政策研究

人口结构转变背景下人口老龄化加速,劳动力供给数量趋减,劳动者受教育程度提高,新生代劳动力择业行为转变,低端劳动力成本攀升,这将对我国制造业发展产生深远影响。基于1952-2014年中国人口、劳动力和制造业发展相关数据,本文对劳动力供给变化影响制造业升级的机理深入展开探讨,认为劳动力供给数量下降会倒逼制造业升级,知识型劳动力占比提速会顺推制造业升级,新生代劳动者择业行为转变会促进制造业升级。因此,我国应顺沿劳动力供给变化,既要通过技术技能双提升、人才培养模式创新和科技创新驱动制造业升级,又要通过政策促推制造业向和劳动力供给动态变化相协调的价值链高端和结构高端升级。