社会收入对西部城乡收入差距的影响——基于11省市2000户居民的调查数据

对城乡收入差距的研究最终将关注于真实收入的差异,本文依据对西部地区11个省市的2000个镇(村)2000户居民的调查数据的统计分析,发现西部地区社会收入的差距比经济收入的差距大得多;社会收入会对城乡收入差距产生直接影响,使西部地区城乡收入比扩大10.4%。因此,建议重视缩小西部地区城乡社会收入差距的政策设计、增加西部地区农村居民的社会收入、推行城乡一体化的社会保障体系、改革收入统计。     

Do jobs follow people or people follow jobs? A meta-analysis of Carlino–Mills studies

Do jobs follow people or people follow jobs? A meta-analysis of Carlino–Mills studies. Spatial Economic Analysis. This study examines the classic question as to whether ‘jobs follow people’ or ‘people follow jobs’ by performing a meta-analysis of 321 results from 64 Carlino–Mills studies. It is found that the results are highly divergent, but that more results point towards ‘jobs following people’ than towards ‘people following jobs’. When it comes to the reasons for the variation in results, we find that the results are mostly shaped by the geographical location, spatial resolution, and population and employment characteristics present in the data, as well as by the model’s specification, its functional form and the spatial weight matrix specification.     

Extending the SAM with Social and Environmental Indicators: An Application to Bolivia

Extending economic accounts with sets of social and environmental indicators is a first step towards a more integrated analysis of aspects of sustainability problems. In this article, therefore, a proposal is made to nest social and environmental indicators into an existing economic accounting framework. The Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is taken as a basis, because of its flexibility regarding extensions with non-monetary data addressing social and environmental concerns. The main thrust of the paper is methodological. From the discussion of methodological issues and the application to the SAM for Bolivia for the year 1989, it is concluded that it is, in principle, feasible and relatively simple to extend the SAM with the two sets of indicators. However, additional data will have to be collected to be able to address, more adequately, the problems of sustainability.     

Equilibrium unemployment and retirement

We first propose some new empirical evidence on the fact that the labor market conditions matter for the retirement decision at the individual level: we investigate whether unemployed workers retire before employed workers, other things being equal. Our main objective in this paper is then to propose an equilibrium unemployment approach to retirement decisions that allows us to derive the positive and normative features of retirement decisions when search and matching frictions are considered. Two main conclusions emerge: the retirement decision of unemployed workers depends on the labor-market frictions whereas that of employed workers does not; the existence of search externalities makes the retirement age of unemployed workers intrinsically suboptimal. Considering Social Security policy issues, we show that the complete elimination of the implicit tax on continued activity is not necessarily welfare-optimizing in a second best world where the labor market equilibrium suffers from distortions.     

我国企业实施社会责任管理研究

西方市场经济国家自进入20世纪80年代以后,要求企业在社会责任方面做出更多贡献的呼声越来越大,我国近年来社会各界对企业的社会责任问题也越发关注。我国企业的社会责任实践活动有了初步的发展。本文通过对样本企业的数据研究,分析了我国企业对社会责任的认知现状,并从员工、股东、客户、供应商、政府、社区、社会公益事业及反商业贿赂等方面研究了我国企业社会责任的实施现状。通过对我国企业实施社会责任管理的现状分析,我们认识到我国企业在社会责任认知与实施方面与国外企业还有一定的差距,为缩小这一差距并提升我国企业社会责任的实施水平,我国企业应重视社会责任管理,把社会责任融于企业的使命、战略制定、战略实施及评价等各方面,实施企业的全面社会责任管理。     

供应链知识纵向转移特征研究

在提出供应链知识组成的基础上,研究了供应链知识纵向转移的特征。这些特征包括:第一,供应链纵向上长期联盟的各节点企业之间极少共享各自在供应链运作中的采购、生产、发运和退货知识,合作支持他们实现专业化;第二,这些企业在态度和行为上的相似性主要源于供应链目标管理知识和供应链运作中计划知识的共享。这些特征支持知识输出方在贡献知识后获取收益,因而使主动推进供应链知识纵向转移成为企业的一种战略选择。     

社会保障体系的重构——新公共服务理论的视角

从新公共服务理论这一视角,结合中国社会保障体系的现状,探索一个符合中国实际的新型社会保障体系,从而得出在政府、非政府组织、社区、公民等多方对话协作基础之上的三维度社会保障体系为其现实路径选择。     

The effectiveness of government spending on education and health care in developing and transition economies

Recent studies show that corruption is associated with higher military spending [Eur. J. Polit. Econ. 17 (2001) 794] and lower government spending on education and health care [J. Publ. Econ. 69 (1998) 263]. This suggests that policies aimed at reducing corruption may lead to changes in the composition of government outlays toward more productive spending. However, little empirical evidence has been presented to support the claim that public spending improves education and health indicators in developing and transition countries. This paper uses cross-sectional data for 50 such countries to show that increased public expenditure on education and health care is associated with improvements in both access to and attainment in schools, and reduces mortality rates for infants and children. The education regressions are robust to different specifications, but the relationship between health care spending and mortality rates is weaker.     

社交指数、风险倾向与创业

创业不仅是经济持续增长的动力,也是新常态下我国经济增长方式转变的重要源泉。从个人社交指数和风险倾向着手,分析其对个人创业的影响,同时考虑政府干预、市场成熟度和产权保护水平对社交指数和风险倾向与创业之间的调节作用,并将个人特质和区域因素作为控制变量纳入分析框架,运用CGSS 3年的数据进行实证分析。结果表明,个人社交指数对创业具有正向影响,个人风险倾向对创业的影响存在区域异质性。在农村地区,个人风险倾向对创业活动具有正向影响,即风险倾向越高,创业概率越大;而在城镇,个人风险倾向对创业的影响为负。在制度环境层面,政府干预和市场成熟度对创业具有负向影响,产权保护水平与创业之间存在“倒U型”关系,制度环境对社交指数与创业之间的关系具有调节作用,较高政府干预力度和较低市场成熟度使社交指数与创业负相关,而产权保护水平的调节作用则较弱;制度环境对风险倾向的调节作用较弱。