基于权利分布风险测度的工程建设重大突发事件大群体应急决策方法

针对大型工程项目突发事件应急决策参与者权利分布导致的风险,提出了一种大群体风险应急决策方法。首先,利用信息熵理论,提出了一种测量大群体决策风险的测度模型;其次,对参与决策的大群体在决策过程中由于权利分布引起的风险进行了定量计算;然后,利用风险大小确定最终偏好信息的集结结果,对应急方案进行排序选优。最后,通过工程项目建设中仓库爆炸突发事件案例分析,验证了该方法的有效性。     

我国普通高校科技创新社会影响力的测度——基于2000—2007年国家科技奖励三大奖项的统计分析

国家科技奖励是我国科学技术的最高奖项,具备较高的评价功能。高校已成为国家科技奖励的主要授奖对象,其科技创新社会影响力可以通过国家科技奖励的成果数量来表征。根据各奖项的权重值、计算公式和数据处理规则,以2000—2007年国家科技奖励三大奖项的获奖项目数为基础,可以测算出高校科技创新社会影响力及其排名。研究结果表明,高水平研究型大学的科技创新社会影响力非常大,在国家的科技创新方面发挥了很重要的作用,是国家创新体系的重要组成部分。     

On a symmetrization of diffusion processes

The latter author, together with collaborators, proposed a numerical scheme to calculate the price of barrier options. The scheme is based on a symmetrization of diffusion processes. The present paper aims to give a basis to the use of the numerical scheme for Heston and SABR-type stochastic volatility models. This will be done by showing a fairly general result on the symmetrization (in multi-dimension/multi-reflections). Further applications (to time-inhomogeneous diffusions/ to time-dependent boundaries/to curved boundaries) are also discussed.     

Some theoretical and methodological suggestions for studies examining accountants' professional judgments and earnings management

The objective of this paper is to provide theoretical and methodological suggestions to guide future research on the controversial topics of accountants' professional judgments and earnings management. Based on an evaluation of prior research, this paper provides four suggestions. First, it is suggested that a focus on the influence of personality variables is likely to provide sharper insights into judgments of individuals. Two relevant personality variables have been selected for this paper, namely, Construal of Self and Regulatory Focus Theory. Both Construal of Self and Regulatory Focus Theory have been, primarily in psychology literature, proven as valid and relevant for judgments, decisions and behavior. Second, prior literature conducted studies on earnings management and ethical issues to a large extent in the United States, often assuming that findings are generalizable and transferable to other countries. Given the importance of contextual factors and of gaining insights from global perspectives, the examination of nations with different contextual environments and particularly of countries in which ethical issues have not been rigorously examined, is suggested. Third, prior research has largely relied on simplistic unidimensional ethics measures that are unlikely to capture the complexity of accountants' professional judgments. It is suggested that a combination of a unidimensional measure and ‘Multidimensional Ethics Measure’ (MEM) provides richer insights into judgments. Fourth, this paper also suggests measuring “holier-than-thou” perception bias. “Holier-than-thou” perception bias means that individuals consider themselves as more ethical than their peers. This bias is important because it may foster an unethical organizational culture. Some of the suggestions included in this paper may provide useful guidance for future studies examining accountants' professional judgments and earnings management.     

Assessing market dominance

We propose a new measure to assess market dominance. Contrary to concentration measures such as the Herfindahl–Hirschman index that characterizes the concentration of an industry, our dominance measure suggests an approach that classifies when an individual firm has a dominant position. In our measure, the criterion for dominance is relaxed as the intensity of existing competition increases or as entry barriers are lowered. We apply the dominance measure to a number of well-known competition cases.     

基尼系数组群分解新方法研究:从城乡二亚组到多亚组

本文尝试在程永宏(2006)的基尼系数城乡分解方法基础上,论证一种适合多亚组的基尼系数组群分解新方法。主要内容是:第一,分析了现有分解方法不完善的原因;第二,推导出不含交叠项的多亚组情形下的分解方法,摆脱了交叠项的困扰;第三,提出一个组间不平等新指标并论证其理论依据;第四,明确解释了分解式和组间不平等新指标的社会福利含义。     

我国城乡收入差距扩大的原因及对策

中国农村社会经济状况发生了深刻的变化。从总体上看,农村居民摆脱了极度贫困,物质文化生活水平得到明显改善,基本上稳定地解决了温饱问题,奠定了向小康迈进的基础。这是具有重大历史意义的社会进步。我国居民收入差距不断扩大的现象,必然导致贫富两极分化,影响社会的稳定。针对如何缩小收入差距,需要从城乡收入扩大现状、具体表现进行分析,进而提出缩小收入差距的对策建议。     

经济实质与法律形式的选择、判断及经济后果——基于会计反映和税收征纳的比较分析

经济实质与法律形式,历来是会计和税收中核心的职业判断问题,由于税收与会计密切相关,有必要将二者放在一起加以比较并深入讨论,以期引发会计实务人员、税收征收管理人员以及纳税人等企业利益相关者深入的思考。基于这一目的,文章首先从会计反映的角度论述了交易的会计实质与法律形式的关系以及会计利益相关者的操纵方式,然后从税收征纳双方的角度详细论证交易的税收实质判断与其外在法律形式之间的关系及具体表现方式。     

高校大学生法律意识养成之客观因素

人类社会进程的新陈代谢决定了大学生这个特殊的精英群体是关系国家和民族兴衰成败的未来有生力量,而法治文明则是实现国家繁荣和民族复兴的必由制度路径,大学生现代法律意识的培养因此构成一项关系到社会主义法治建设的巨大工程。法律意识之养成在于塑造一个法律世界观,但科学合理的法律世界观之形成应依赖客观因素之促进。良好的外部法律环境是健全和改善高校大学生法律意识的最佳途径。必须区别对待我国法律文化传统的积极和消极方面,立足传统并通由有策略的高校法制教育、司法的社会感召等措施培养、引导高校大学生的法律意识之养成。只有在“四有”新人的基础上补上“有法律”这一缺环,这样的民族才是有希望的民族。     

浅谈高校任期经济责任审计

任期经济责任审计是伴随着我国经济体制改革和政治体制改革而产生和发展的．对于高等学校而言,随着高校改革的进一步深化以及办学规模的持续扩大,带来了高校经济活动规模的扩大,致使高校及所属有关部门和单位的负责人除了在教学、科研、行政等方面负看管理和领导责任外,在管理和使用国家和学校的资金、财产方面也承担着相应的经济责任．因此,对高校领导人所承担的经济责任的履行情况进行考核变得越来越重要,客观上需要由审计部门对其任职期间的经济责任进行审计．