盾构始发技术在沈阳地铁一号线中的应用

文章结合沈阳地铁一号线第4合同段盾构的正常始发,通过对盾构始发施工的技术难点分析,重点介绍其施工工艺及关键技术,并对常见的问题提出相应的预防措施。     

数据流链接技术在军用维修物资编码系统中的应用

本文从军用维修物资业务管理的角度,讲述了军用维修物资的分类体系;从军用维修物资信息管理的角度,讲述了军用维修物资的信息分类;从计算机数据处理的角度,讲述了数据流链接技术在军用维修物资编码系统中的应用,并给出了其应用程序流程.     

村镇连锁经营配送系统关键技术问题分析

论文充分考虑村镇连锁经营配送系统的影响因素．对村镇连锁经营配送系统中的配送中心规划仿真技术和城乡双向物流问题进行深入的技术分析．同时提出了典型的村镇连锁经营管理与配送决策模型。     

Pragmatism, not ideology: Historical perspectives on IBM’s adoption of open-source software

We track IBM’s approach to software production and commercialization between 1950 and the present. We find that in the 1950s IBM followed what today would be called an open-source model – its software source code was open, free of charge, and written collaboratively with its users. By the mid 1980s, all of these attributes had been reversed – IBM’s software was closed source, sold or leased independently of hardware sales, and written without the collaboration of its users. More recently, the company has been in a state of transition, achieving a balance between free, open-source software and proprietary software that still generates 20% of its revenues. We interpret these radical swings in light of the substantial changes that have taken place since the 1950s in the costs and benefits of open source, bundled, and collaborative software vis-à-vis the alternatives.     

Competition and open source with perfect software compatibility

In this paper we study duopolistic competition between closed and open source software. Inspired by recent contributions on open source, we propose a two-stage game with perfect information and product differentiation, in which producers first set software quality and then determine prices (the price is zero for open source programs). We assume perfect software compatibility and model lock-in effects, a network externality component of software quality, and accumulation of experience in software use and implementation. In comparison to the monopolistic benchmark case, we argue that, in a duopoly created by the emergence of an open source program, the proprietary software producer will reduce its selling price if: (i) its network of users is larger than the open source network and its consumers are largely familiar with its program, (ii) it has a small network of unskilled consumers. On the other hand, the price of proprietary software will increase if its users form a large, but poorly-skilled network. Furthermore, we show that, in all of the above cases, the hedonic quality of proprietary software increases. Finally, by modeling experience accumulation processes through difference equations, we show that the ratio between the closed and open source programs’ opportunity costs for software learning and deployment plays a crucial role in shaping market outcomes. If open source software remains too complex and technical for unskilled or time-pressed users, a shared market solution, in which both programs are adopted, is likely to emerge. However, if opportunity costs in learning and understanding open source programs are particularly low, or at least equal to the opportunity costs of a closed-source program, then open source dominance emerges (i.e. markets tip to open source).     

Returns from social capital in open source software networks

Open Source Software projects base their operation on a collaborative structure for knowledge exchange in the form of provision or reception of information, expertise and feedback on the creation of source code. Here, we address the direction of these knowledge flows among projects throughout social networks and their impact on project success. We identify the roles of membership or contribution that individuals play within projects. We found that connections through contributors who bring their knowledge to the project, improve project success, and that connection through members, who transfer their knowledge towards other projects, enhance project success. Finally, we found that ties through shared membership and contributions hamper project success. The analysis of knowledge flows and their impact on project success imply a translation of returns from investment in social capital, where investment takes the shape of knowledge flows and the returns mean the projects’ diffusion over the network.

Ex ante identification of disruptive innovations in the software industry applied to web applications: The case of Microsoft's vs. Google's office applications

This paper analyzes the question whether web applications pose a disruptive threat to incumbents or a disruptive growth opportunity for entrants in the application software industry using a novel method for ex ante identification of disruptive innovations in the software industry. Building on the theory of disruptive innovations, network effects and existing frameworks for the ex ante identification of disruptive innovations a new method of analysis is deduced. The analysis is based on a list of criteria that indicate a disruptive innovation and trajectory maps of the technologies' performance attributes. This method is applied to study the potential disruption of Microsoft's desktop office applications by Google's web-based office applications.The chosen method of analysis indicates a small likelihood for web applications to pose a disruptive threat to Microsoft, and by extension, to incumbents in the software industry. While web applications show a potential to satisfy market demand in established performance attributes, strong network effects in existing software products should give incumbents enough time to co-opt the innovation. The case illustrates how our new method to analyze disruptive potential in the software industry ex ante can help to apply the theory of disruptive innovation better for forecasting purposes and to provide novel strategic insights for the players involved.     

浅论我国广播电视产业化的改革

本文从广播电视产业化的必然性入手,分析了我国广播电视产业现状及存在的问题,提出了推进我国广电产业化发展的对策和建议。     

食品中农药残留前处理及检测技术进展

由于农药残留引发的食品中毒事件时有发生,食品安全已受到人们的广泛关注和重视。因此加强对农药残留分析方法的研究和加大对农药残留的检测力度非常重要。本文对近年来食品中农药残留分析的样品处理和检测方法进行了较为全面的概述,并提出了农药残留分析的发展趋势。     

国际软件外包发包商绩效的实证研究

软件外包在过去二十年的发展引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。本文用定量研究的方法,对国际软件外包中接包商外包绩效的影响因素做实证研究。研究结果表明,在软件外包中,交流成本与接包商的外包绩效负相关,而接包商的规模、声誉、价格优势以及专业能力都与接包商的外包绩效正相关。研究的结果有助于我们认识中国和印度软件外包发展的差距,同时从理论和管理实践上为中国的软件外包发展提出建设性意见。