基于DEA-ESDA的甘肃省城乡统筹发展效率评价及其空间差异分析

基于2009年甘肃省14个地级市(州)城乡统筹发展的面板数据,运用数据包络分析(DEA)评价了各区域的城乡统筹发展效率,并通过探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)对其空间差异变化特征与规律进行了分析。结果表明:甘肃省城乡统筹发展效率总体上呈西高东低、南北分化的分布特征,并存两大"DEA有效"极核;规模效率是当前制约甘肃省城乡统筹发展综合效率的主要方面;全省普遍存在投入冗余现象,可通过优化环境、产业结构高级化、突出特色产业、提升产业技术、提高劳动力素质及提高城市化水平等途径来提高区域的城乡统筹发展效率;各区域之间城乡统筹发展效率的空间差异显著,体现出"阶梯型"发展和两极"俱乐部趋同"的态势。基于DEA-ESDA的研究方法可以清楚地解释甘肃省城乡统筹发展效率及其空间差异问题,并为城乡统筹发展评价研究提供案例参考和科学依据。     

出口、异质性与企业生产率——来自中国企业层面的证据

文章基于自我选择效应和出口中学效应假说,利用中国企业面板数据,从超越对数生产函数出发,纳入出口状态变量,分别采用固定效应估计、系统广义矩估计和Olley-Pakes半参数估计法克服潜在的同步性偏差和选择偏差问题,在从微观角度充分控制企业异质性的背景下,深入考察出口行为与我国企业生产率之间的作用机理。研究发现,出口企业的生产率相对非出口企业高出20%-30%左右,我国出口贸易存在显著的出口中学效应;而对自我选择效应的检验结果警示,本土企业以低劳动力成本而非高生产率作为出口竞争优势切入全球价值链低端,转变贸易增长方式是保证中国开放经济长期可持续增长的重要保障。     

制造业企业出口和生产率的关系——新新贸易理论框架下对中国工业企业的微观分析

在新新贸易理论的框架下,对中国规模以上工业企业从总体和分行业两个方面检验中国工业企业出口对生产率增长的影响,发现出口同企业全要素生产率增长显著负相关.造成出口效应不显著的原因除了中国尚不完善的市场体系外,还与中国出口贸易中加工贸易比重过高、加工环节大都处于劳动密集型而且技术含量不高的水平、加工过程短、增值率不高有关.因此,中国如果减少加工贸易的出口,便可以在不影响生产率增长的基础上降低外部需求.     

中国式分权下地方政府FDI税收竞争的策略性及其经济增长效应

中国式分权机制下,政治和经济双重激励使地方政府竞相降低税率吸引FDI流入,本文考察了这种税收竞争的策略性及其对FDI经济增长效应的影响。模型表明地区间策略性税收竞争将通过降低外资质量影响FDI经济增长效应。使用1999-2006年省级面板数据进行实证分析,回归结果表明,经济发展水平相近的地区间外资企业实际所得税率具有显著的空间正相关性;税收优惠对FDI经济增长效应具有明显的阻碍作用;并且税收优惠幅度越大,阻碍作用越强。因此,我国需要加大对地方政府招商引资行为的监督和约束,以使地方政府放弃对FDI的盲目追捧,转而注重FDI质量,提高FDI对国民福利的促进作用。     

长江经济带空间结构：学术纷争及其讨论

关于长江经济带空间范围及空间结构,长期以来备受学界关注。由于研究视角的不同,即使对上中下游的划分、节点的布局、轴线的走向和结构层次的安排等,相关学者也都各执一词。就长江经济带规划而言,当前主要应深化以下六个问题的研究,一是研究视角的确立;二是划分标准的建立;三是空间范围及空间结构的安排;四是纵横向的产业链条和经济带的布局;五是区域经济发展战略的整合;六是管理机构的设立和职责界定。     

企业高层管理团队与企业战略关系研究述评

高层管理团队是企业经营战略的直接决策者,是企业战略中各种因素的协调者,在企业战略选择实施中发挥着主导作用,因此研究高层管理团队特征与企业战略之间的关系具有重要的现实意义。目前的研究大多侧重于解释高层管理团队特征对企业单一类型战略的影响。今后的研究应从管理团队认知等多视角出发,借鉴多学科理论,从而提高高管团队管理效率。     

异质性下税收政策对收入分配不平等和经济增长关系的影响

文章在弹性劳动供给理论的基础上对内生增长模型作了发展.该模型假设经济人有着不同的物质资本初始禀赋和不同的劳动技能,在此条件下分析了采用不同的税收政策为投资进行补贴对经济增长和收入分配不平等关系产生的不同影响.结论显示:在资本异质性主导地位下,旨在提高经济增长率的财政政策导致了一个更加不平等的税前收入分配.     

我国民营上市公司高管团队异质性与公司绩效的相关性研究

对处于经济转型中的我国民营上市公司的公司缋效是否受到高层管理团队特征的影响引起了学术界的积极关注。在相关理论综述基础上,通过收集沪深两市284家民营上市公司数据,实证研究了高层管理团队异质性特征与公司业绩相关性。结果表明高管团队的年龄异质性与公司绩效正相关,高管团队的职业来源异质性与公司绩效负相关,高管团队的教育水平、团队任期异质性与公司缋效无显著性相关关系。     

Evaluating the European added value of TEN-T projects: a methodological proposal based on spatial spillovers, accessibility and GIS

This paper develops a methodology for calculating the European value added value (EVA) generated by transport infrastructure projects. This approach is particularly useful for evaluating projects in the framework of Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T), although it may also be used in trans-national projects in other geographical areas. The methodology is based on the appraisal of spatial spillovers generated by trans-national projects by using accessibility indicators (access to markets) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Projects are split into sections and spillover effects of each section are then computed. The sections that produce a high proportion of spillovers in relation to internal benefits generate a high EVA. Additionally, indicators are obtained of the effects of each section in terms of spatial concentration on the different countries affected, efficiency (general improvement in accessibility) and territorial cohesion (reduction in accessibility disparities between regions). The validity of this approach is verified by applying it to TEN-T priority project 25. This methodology does not seek to replace existing project appraisal methodologies (particularly the cost-benefit analysis); rather it provides complementary data for decision-making. Sections which are scarcely profitable from the cost-benefit analysis perspective but which have high European value added should receive more European funding than more profitable sections of markedly national interest.     

Regional and Categorical Patterns in Consumer Behavior: Revealing Trends

We offer a method of analysis that allows for an “unbundling” of the data to a disaggregate household level, and then “rebundling” it in a manner designed to identify patterns and relationships which are otherwise masked. Applying the method in the context of ‘healthy’ products and using census block group level data, we study consumption over several categories in two locations. The analyses show that studies involving geographically dispersed data must test for, and take into account when required, conceptually sound spatial effects in order to accurately assess impact. We also show that while both location and the product category have a significant impact on the proportion of healthy products purchased, the degree to which consumers choose healthier alternatives is a function of the category as well as the location. Finally, we provide preliminary evidence from survey data that supports the variations we find, and further explores attitudinal differences as well. There are rich implications for retailers in that new products introduced to benefit from popular trends (such as ‘healthy’ alternatives) may not succeed for all categories or locations. Retailers would benefit from understanding the spatial, demographic and attitudinal effects that play into consumption behavior, and such effects can be better understood when studying choice at the category and region level. Finally, public policies aimed at promoting healthier purchasing habits may have greater impact if special attention is given to specific categories and regions.