Trade barriers and trade flows with product heterogeneity: An application to US motion picture exports

We extend Melitz (2003) to allow for both global and bilateral fixed export costs. If global (bilateral) export costs dominate, the average sales ratio (import sales per product variety/domestic sales per variety), decreases (increases) in variable (fixed) trade barriers, due to adjustment along the intensive (extensive) margin of trade. Using novel data on bilateral US movie exports we find that (i) variation in box-office revenues per movie is much larger than in the number of movies exported, and (ii) the average sales ratio decreases in geographic and linguistic distance. These findings suggest that global fixed export costs dominate.     

Good jobs, bad jobs, and trade liberalization

How do labor markets adjust to trade liberalization? Leading models of intraindustry trade (Krugman (1981), Melitz (2003)) assume homogeneous workers and full employment, and thus predict that all workers win from trade liberalization, a conclusion at odds with the public debate. Our paper develops a new model that merges Melitz (2003) with Shapiro and Stiglitz (1984), so also links product market churning to labor market churning. Workers care about their jobs because the model features aggregate unemployment and jobs that pay different wages to identical workers. Simulations show that, for reasonable parameter values, as many as one-fourth of existing “good jobs” (those with above average wage) may be destroyed in a liberalization. This is true even as the model shows minimal impact on aggregate unemployment and quite substantial aggregate gains from trade.     

出口专业化、空间依赖与我国地区经济增长

基于我国222个地级以上城市2001-2008年期间的样本数据,本文实证检验了出口结构与地区人均GDP增长率之间的关系。结果显示,出口集中度与地区经济增长之间存在显著正相关性,出口结构的专业化程度越高,地区人均GDP增长率相应越高。无论是采用经典OLS方法,还是采用控制空间依赖性的空间计量分析方法,这一结果均成立,其背后机制在于专业化导致生产活动的集聚,通过集聚经济提高生产率,从而促进人均产出的提高。本文政策含义在于,在当前发展阶段下,促进地区产业的集群化、专业化发展,充分发挥集聚经济,这对于扩大出口规模、推动地区经济增长具有积极意义。     

生产分割、空间异质性与空间依存关系——对东亚生产网络的考察

本文利用空间面板数据模型考察了东亚10国(地区)之间的生产分割现象,发现各国(地区)制造业的发展存在明显的正向空间相互依存关系。但同时,不同国家(地区)的空间依存关系存在异质性,其中韩国、中国台湾、中国香港和日本的制造业发展对中国内地制造业的发展影响较大;另一方面,中国内地制造业的发展对韩国、日本、中国台湾和中国香港的制造业影响也很大。这个发现有助于解释最近20年东亚各经济体的协同发展,并且这也说明所谓中国内地成为"世界工厂"的同时抢走了周边其他国家(地区)制造业的"中国威胁论"是不成立的;恰恰相反,生产分割导致的国际生产分工有效地促进了东亚各国(地区)制造业的同步发展。     

Clarifying the conditions and limits of the contributions of ordinary and dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance

Strategy scholars have argued that capabilities can influence firm performance through a variety of means and mechanisms. However, the role of capabilities and their proposed contributions have been narrowly theorized and insufficiently tested. We contribute to resolving these issues by considering the conditions under which ordinary and dynamic capabilities contribute to higher relative firm performance. We do so by examining the positive and negative contributions of capabilities to relative firm performance as well as the effects of environmental dynamism and the degree of capability heterogeneity. We utilize measures of relative firm performance at both the process and firm level within a sample of Chilean firms, which due to a dynamic environment allows for a clearer link between the environment and the use of capabilities. We find that environmental dynamism negatively affects the contribution of ordinary capabilities and positively affects the contribution of dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance. Further, heterogeneity strengthens the contribution of dynamic capabilities to relative firm performance, but is less important for ordinary capabilities. Interestingly, we find support for the direct effects of capabilities to be stronger with a process‐level performance measure, whereas the influences of environmental dynamism and heterogeneity are stronger with a firm‐level measure. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

精细油藏描述技术在榆树林油田升382井区注水调整中的应用

升382井区油井产液量低、含水高、采出程度低,油井地层压力平面分布不均衡,开发效果相对较差。利用精细油藏描述技术,分析了剩余油分布规律,通过注水调整初步见到了较好效果。     

商业业态分化与城市商业空间结构的变迁——来自长沙的实证研究

长沙市作为中部地区中心城市之一,长期以来第三产业占据了城市经济发展的主导地位,商业的发展对长沙的城市经济发展与空间结构产生了重要的影响.论文对长沙市商业业态的分化历程及其空间分布进行实证分析,进而得出长沙市城市商业空间结构的演变基本规律,分析商业业态分化与城市空间结构之间的相关性.研究认为,长沙商业业态分化已经呈现出多...     

我国土地出让收入增长的影响因素与地区差异——基于空间动态面板模型的实证研究

利用1999～2008年的省级面板数据和空间动态面板广义矩(GMM)估计方法,本文考察了我国各地区土地出让收入增长的影响因素和地区差异。研究发现,各地方政府的土地出让收入间存在横向竞争,土地出让收入在全国范围内呈现一定的收敛性。财政分权程度、经济发展水平和市场化水平是影响各地土地出让收入增长的主要因素,并且其影响程度和方向呈现明显的地区差异。具体而言,东部地区的横向竞争程度高于全国平均水平和中西部地区。财政分权和经济发展水平对东部地区土地出让收入增长的影响不显著,市场化水平的影响显著为正。而财政分权对中西部地区土地出让收入增长的影响显著为负,经济发展水平的影响显著为正,市场化水平的影响不显著。     

基于最小生成树理论的空间结构分解模型

现有空间结构分解模型存在测算结果不唯一及不满足传递性两大问题。本文提出了一种基于最小生成树理论的空间结构分解模型,在保证多个地区间比较传递性的同时,减小了结构分解模型测算结果不唯一性对模型应用的影响。基于我国地区投入产出表,本文以ICT产业区位商比较的五变量结构分解为例,示范了如何定义帕式—拉式偏离指数(PLS),建立了基于PLS指数的最小生成树,并将结论应用于空间结构分解,对该模型的有效性进行了验证。     

直接影响与空间溢出效应:我国城市化进程对城乡收入差距的影响路径识别

本文选取2000～2009年间我国31个省、直辖市和自治区的面板数据,通过选择恰当的空间面板计量模型(Spatial Panel Model)实证研究本地城市化进程对城乡收入差距的直接影响,以及相邻地区城市化进程对本地城乡收入差距的空间溢出效应。实证结果表明:我国城市化进程对缩减城乡收入差距的积极影响和消极影响并存,取决于城市化进程的不同政策路径选择;省际间的城市化进程存在空间溢出效应,即本地的城乡收入差距也会受到临近省份城市化进程的显著影响。