Bankruptcy and firm finance

This paper analyzes how an enforcement mechanism that resembles a court affects firm finance. The court is described by two parameters that correspond to enforcement costs and the amount of creditor/debtor protection. We provide a theoretical and quantitative characterization of the effect of these enforcement parameters on the contract loan rate, the default probability and welfare. We analyze agents’ incentive to default and pursue bankruptcy and show that when the constraints that govern these decisions bind, the enforcement parameters can have a sharply non-linear effect on finance. We also compute the welfare losses of “poor institutions” and show that they are non-trivial. The results provide guidance on when models which abstract from enforcement provide good approximations and when they do not.      

我国增值税地方分享部分的区域间分配办法及其改进

1994年分税制财政管理体制改革以来，我国增值税地方分享比例出现了不断下降的趋势。与其他开征增值税、并实行增值税中央与地方分享的OECD国家相比，目前我国地方政府的增值税分享比例并不高。但是，增值税地方分享部分按来源地在各地区间分配的操作办法仍然难以平押地方政府的投资冲动，不利于促进区域间基本公共服务的均等化，也不利于改进政府的执政理念。在仍将增值税地方政府分享部分明确为地方收入的基础上，应改革按来源地在各地区间分配的办法，建立一种综合考虑各相关因素的更为合理的分配策略。     

招商引资——税收减免竞赛

近年来,地方政府超出法律范围制定优惠政策尤其是税收优惠政策来吸引客商的现象时有发生,给我国带来了消极影响。税收在招商引资工作中应如何发挥作用成了摆在我们面前的一个重大问题。十六届三中全会提出的科学发展观对我国各项事业的发展都具有普遍的指导意义。本文正是从科学发展观的要求出发,重新定位了税收在招商引资工作中的角色,并试着提出了相应的措施。     

调取的作为偷税证据的资料应不应退还?

税务机关可以对纳税人实施调账检查,但必须在3个月内完整退还调取的所有资料。如果部分应作为证据的资料没有退还,是否违反了这一规定？税务机关已做出的税务处理及处罚决定是否有效？碰到类似问题应如何处理？本文通过案例进行了分析。     

税收协定执行中存在的问题与对策

税收协定工作执行的好坏直接影响税收优惠政策及避免双重征税的落实,同时,对维护国家税收权益、防止国家税款的流失起着重要的作用。在税收协定的执行过程中,由于相关规定过于原则,导致实际操作中难以把握,特别是常设机构的判定以及与常设机构有关的营业利润的确定则是执行的难点,必须从法律政策和管理制度两个层面加以完善。     

Profit shifting in the EU: evidence from Germany

The paper considers profit shifting behavior using data on German inbound and outbound FDI. It finds an empirical correlation between the home country tax rate of a parent and the net of tax profitability of its German affiliate that is consistent with profit shifting behavior. For profitable affiliates that are directly owned by a foreign investor the evidence suggests that a 10-percentage point increase in the parent’s home country tax rate leads to roughly half a percentage point increase in the profitability of the German subsidiary. On the outbound side of German FDI, the data provides some evidence that tax rate changes in the host country lead to a stronger change in after-tax profitability for affiliates that are wholly owned, which may reflect the larger flexibility of these firms in carrying out tax minimizing behavior without interference of minority owners. The hospitality and support by the Deutsche Bundesbank Research Center is gratefully acknowledged. I thank Oliver Busch, Michael P. Devereux, Ruud de Mooij, Chris Heady, Beatrix Stejskal-Passler, an anonymous referee, and participants of the IFS/ETPF conference 2006 for excellent comments and suggestions. All remaining errors are mine.     

论我国税收信息化建设的体系结构

税收信息系统的总体构架、功能框架、技术框架以及业务模型构成较完善的我国税收信息化建设的体系结构。该体系结构的建立是金税工程三期所规划的我国税收信息化发展目标的具体体现,是在对税收业务优化、重组的基础上建立起来的,是实现金税工程三期提出“一个平台、二级处理、三个覆盖、四个系统”的根本保障。     

Bureaucratic corruption and profit tax evasion

Firms may evade taxes on profits and can also avoid fulfilling legal restrictions on production activities by bribing bureaucrats. It is shown that the existence of tax evasion does not affect corruption activities at the firm level, while the budgetary repercussions of tax evasion induce less corruption. Policy measures which alter the gains or losses from corruption have a non-systematic impact on tax evasion behaviour.      

鼓励我国民营企业境外投资的税收政策研究

民营企业境外投资对我国经济发展具有重要意义。本文认为目前我国涉及民营企业境外投资的税收政策不够完善,政府有必要通过制定相关税收法规,加强国际税收协调,完善纳税服务体系等措施鼓励民营企业境外投资。