A Cross‐national Comparison of R&D Expenditure Decisions: Tax Incentives and Financial Constraints*

We provide evidence on the impact of tax incentives and financial constraints on corporate R&D expenditure decisions. We contribute to extant research by comparing R&D expenditures in the United States and Canada, thereby exploiting the differences in the two countries' R&D tax credit mechanisms and generally accepted accounting principles. The two tax incentive mechanism designs are consistent with differing views of the degree of financial constraints faced by firms in these economies. Our sample also allows us to explore the effects of capitalizing R&D on Canadian firms. Employing a matched design, we document relations between tax credit incentives and R&D spending consistent with both Canadian and U.S. public companies responding as though they are not financially constrained. We estimate that the Canadian credit system induces, on average, $1.30 of additional R&D spending per dollar of taxes forgone while the U.S. system induces, on average, $2.96 of additional spending. We also find that firms that capitalize R&D costs in Canada spend, on average, 18 percent more on R&D. Collectively, this evidence is important to the ongoing debates in both countries concerning the appropriate design of incentives for R&D and is consistent with the assumptions found in the U.S. tax credit system, but not those found in the Canadian system.     

“宪政转轨论”评析

中俄改革的比较研究 ,一直是新兴的转轨经济学关注的热点。1 998年俄罗斯爆发金融和经济危机 ,激进改革的支持者一度趋于沉寂。然而 ,从 1 999年下半年开始 ,俄罗斯经济出现转机 ,2 0 0 0年经济增长居世界第一 ,GDP增幅达 8 3 %。与此同时 ,中国经济改革进入攻坚的中期阶段。在这一关键阶段 ,渐进改革积累的矛盾日趋严峻 ,同时还面临加入WTO市场化改革滞后的外在压力。毫无疑问 ,中国经济仍要进行重大调整和改革。在这一背景下 ,国内外经济学界又在进一步探讨中俄改革的道路和方式问题。本文是对目前讨论的一个著名观点“宪政转轨”论进行分析和批驳。     

股份制取代合作制是历史的必然——对中国农村金融制度选择的思考

目前，合作金融在中国遇到了种种困惑，这不是合作金融本身的错。一方面中国从来就没有建立过真正的合作金融；另一方面合作金融与中国当前的经济环境也不相适应。而那种异化了的合作金融既没有存在的必要，也没有存在的可能。股份制取代合作制是一种历史的必然。     

综合配套改革各试验区研究热点述评

随着国家综合配套改革试验区的设立及其实践的不断深入，理论界就此开展了宏观和微观两个层面的研究。本文以现有的微观研究即分区研究为基础，分析各试验区理论研究的热点，阐述了分区研究的特点、所取得成果的意义及仍需深化的问题。     

试析国家综合配套改革试验区

国家综合配套改革试验区作为中国区域经济发展新的战略启动点,正在为国内外所关注。它的提出顺应当今经济全球化和区域经济一体化进程加快的背景,是中国社会经济改革进入“攻坚”阶段的必然选择,是“科学发展观”的现实体现。本文从“国家综合配套改革试验区”的提出现实背景分析入手,阐述其具体的内涵、本质及其特征,并结合区域发展实践,提出建设“国家综合配套改革试验区”的具体目标。     

Factor taxation and labor supply in a dynamic one-sector growth model

This paper studies a class of AK-type growth models with factor income taxes, public capital stock and labor–leisure trade offs. While a higher capital tax rate reduces economic growth in the short run, the long-term growth effect is ambiguous and remains ambiguous even if the level of tax rate is larger than the degree of government externality. A higher labor income tax rate has ambiguous growth effects both in the short and long runs. However, if the intertemporal elasticity of substitution for labor supply is sufficiently small, a higher labor tax rate always lowers economic growth in the long run, despite the existence of productive government taxation.     

我国中小企业财务管理战略思路探讨

本文从我国目前中小企业财务发展现状入手,着重分析了作为中小企业,在当今市场经济大潮下,如何制定企业财务战略,并从六个方面进行了深入论证,提出了中小企业财务战略发展总体思路.为中小企业提升企业财务管理水平,参与国际竞争,奠定良好的企业管理基础.     

我国国债规模的现状评价分析

当前，我国国债规模急剧扩张，这已引起社会各界的广泛关注。文章就此通过分析我国国债规模的衡量指标以及现状，提出了控制国债规模应从构建与市场经济相适应的财政收支制度着手的新举措。     

改革教学方法，培养高质量人才

教师单向灌输式教学方法不利于人才培养，培养高质量人才的有效途径之一是改革教学方法。     

丹麦会计及其对我国会计改革的启示

丹麦作为欧盟的成员国 ,与我国相比 ,同处于重要的会计改革时期 ,他们在会计发展的过程中取得了很多成功的经验 ,对我国的会计改革有深刻的启示 :中国的会计改革应解决思想保守的问题 ;应树立为经济服务的目标 ;应处理好国家化与国际化的关系 ;应重视案例对会计规范的改进。